---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       log:  C:\PATH\Vreeland_2008_IO.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  18 Apr 2008, 23:05:09

. 
. use "C:\PATH\Vreeland_2008_IO.dta", clear

. 
. 
. 
. *Correlation of torture measures (footnote 4)
. corr torture tort_ciri if reg~=.
(obs=1621)

             |  torture tort_c~i
-------------+------------------
     torture |   1.0000
   tort_ciri |   0.6676   1.0000


. 
.  *** *** *** *** *** figure 1:
. *Democracies entering into the CAT
. *Hathaway - signed
. sort torture 

. by torture: sum cats if year>1983 & cats_year+1>year & reg==0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        63    .4126984    .4962739          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        59     .220339     .418033          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        76    .1447368    .3541731          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 4

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        45    .1111111    .3178209          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 5

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        14    .1428571    .3631365          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       272    .0257353    .1586364          0          1


. *Cing&Rich - signed
. sort tort_ciri 

. by tort_ciri: sum cats if year>1983 & cats_year+1>year & reg==0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        91    .2747253    .4488488          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       113    .1769912    .3833613          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       111    .1261261    .3334971          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       214    .0233645    .1514124          0          1


. *Hathaway - rat
. sort torture 

. by torture: sum catr if year>1983 & catr_year+1>year & reg==0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       131    .1603053    .3682974          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |        93    .1612903     .369792          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       104    .0769231    .2677598          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 4

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |        61    .0983607    .3002731          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 5

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |        19    .1052632    .3153018          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       279    .0286738     .167188          0          1


. *Cing&Rich - rat
. sort tort_ciri 

. by tort_ciri: sum catr if year>1983 & catr_year+1>year & reg==0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       163    .1349693    .3427438          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       166    .1204819    .3265092          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       143    .0839161    .2782365          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       215     .027907    .1650907          0          1


. 
. *Dictatorships entering into the CAT
. *Hathaway - signed
. sort torture 

. by torture: sum cats  if year>1983 & cats_year+1>year & reg==1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        82    .0121951    .1104315          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       170    .0588235    .2359892          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       272    .0698529    .2553689          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 4

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       125        .088    .2844349          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 5

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |        52    .0384615    .1941839          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       209    .0143541    .1192311          0          1


. *Cing&Rich - signed
. sort tort_ciri

. by tort_ciri: sum cats  if year>1983 & cats_year+1>year & reg==1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       101     .039604    .1959996          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       328    .0518293    .2220209          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       316    .0664557     .249472          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        cats |       165    .0242424    .1542691          0          1


. *Hathaway - rat
. sort torture 

. by torture: sum catr  if year>1983 & catr_year+1>year & reg==1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |        84    .0119048    .1091089          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       189     .042328    .2018712          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       310    .0451613    .2079935          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 4

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       148    .0675676    .2518547          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = 5

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |        68    .0294118    .1702139          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> torture = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       210    .0142857    .1189496          0          1


. *Cing&Rich - rat
. sort tort_ciri

. by tort_ciri: sum catr  if year>1983 & catr_year+1>year & reg==1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       109           0           0          0          0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 2

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       356    .0337079    .1807302          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = 3

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       378    .0582011    .2344336          0          1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-> tort_ciri = .

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
        catr |       166    .0240964    .1538124          0          1


. 
. 
. *Section 4: Evidence
. *"The Hathaway torture data include 967 country-year observations of from 1985 to 199
> 6 covering 109 separate dictatorships."
. *"The mean rate of torture is 3.0 with a standard deviation of 1.1; the median is 3"
. sum torture year if year>1983 & year<1997 & reg==1 & torture~=., detail

                           torture
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%            1              1
 5%            1              1
10%            2              1       Obs                 967
25%            2              1       Sum of Wgt.         967

50%            3                      Mean           2.996898
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      1.075316
75%            4              5
90%            4              5       Variance       1.156305
95%            5              5       Skewness       .0411463
99%            5              5       Kurtosis       2.549551

                            year
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%         1985           1985
 5%         1985           1985
10%         1986           1985       Obs                 967
25%         1987           1985       Sum of Wgt.         967

50%         1990                      Mean           1990.218
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      3.454969
75%         1993           1996
90%         1995           1996       Variance       11.93681
95%         1996           1996       Skewness       .1070549
99%         1996           1996       Kurtosis       1.792664

. 
. 
. /* "My principal explanatory variable is �parties,� a dummy variable taken from Gandh
> i (2003, 2006), 
> coded 1 if more than one party exists legally and 0 otherwise. 
> For the Hathaway data, nearly 52 percent of the observations have multiple political 
> parties." */
. sum party year if year>1983 & year<1997 & reg==1 & torture~=.

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       967    .5170631    .4999673          0          1
        year |       967    1990.218    3.454969       1985       1996

. 
. /* "Average rates of torture under dictatorships without political parties is 2.8 (st
> andard deviation 1.1), 
> but rates of torture under dictatorships with political parties is 3.1 (standard devi
> ation 1.0). 
> A simple t-test indicates that the difference in average rates of torture 
> is statistically significant beyond the 0.01 confidence level (t=-4.44)." */
. sort party

. ttest torture if reg==1 , by(party)

Two-sample t test with equal variances

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Group |     Obs        Mean    Std. Err.   Std. Dev.   [95% Conf. Interval]
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
       0 |     467      2.8394    .0510414    1.103015    2.739101      2.9397
       1 |     500       3.144    .0459865    1.028289    3.053649    3.234351
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
combined |     967    2.996898    .0345798    1.075316    2.929037    3.064758
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
    diff |           -.3045996     .068538               -.4391002   -.1700989
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Degrees of freedom: 965

                      Ho: mean(0) - mean(1) = diff = 0

     Ha: diff < 0               Ha: diff != 0              Ha: diff > 0
       t =  -4.4442                t =  -4.4442              t =  -4.4442
   P < t =   0.0000          P > |t| =   0.0000          P > t =   1.0000

. 
. 
.  *** Table 1: Political parties under dictatorship and levels of torture -- Hathaway 
> torture data
. *Ordinal logit
. ologit torture party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1, robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -960.41208
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -895.80082
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -893.59788
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -893.57871
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -893.5787

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        694
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     134.01
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =  -893.5787                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0696

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     torture |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .5780659   .1493955     3.87   0.000     .2852561    .8708756
       level |   .0155644   .0254017     0.61   0.540     -.034222    .0653508
           g |   .0069382   .0030235     2.29   0.022     .0010122    .0128641
  population |   .0024314   .0006371     3.82   0.000     .0011826    .0036802
    tradegdp |  -.0097611   .0018442    -5.29   0.000    -.0133757   -.0061465
         war |   .7945243    .170445     4.66   0.000     .4604582     1.12859
   communist |  -1.098383   .3553445    -3.09   0.002    -1.794846    -.401921
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.072621   .2413172          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -1.047577   .1645637 
       _cut3 |   1.140504   .1716854 
       _cut4 |   2.699625   .2192369 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. *Fixed effects logit
. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1, gr
> oup(aclpcode) 
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 45 groups (266 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -172.58223  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -164.09102  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood =  -162.2059  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -162.02857  
Iteration 4:   log likelihood =  -162.0285  
Iteration 5:   log likelihood =  -162.0285  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        428
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      31.46
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log likelihood =  -162.0285                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0885

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .7148798   .3437484     2.08   0.038     .0411454    1.388614
       level |  -.3291249   .3478698    -0.95   0.344    -1.010937    .3526873
           g |   .0066337   .0143206     0.46   0.643    -.0214341    .0347015
  population |    .115742   .0415387     2.79   0.005     .0343276    .1971565
    tradegdp |  -.0057539   .0101845    -0.56   0.572    -.0257151    .0142074
         war |   .5697195   .4655349     1.22   0.221    -.3427121    1.482151
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. *Duration dependence logit
. btscs common_tort_hath  year aclpcode, generate (hath_spline) nspline (3)

. logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1, robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -394.05887
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -316.92577
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -311.28565
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -310.98925
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -310.98691
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -310.98691

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        694
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =     114.87
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -310.98691                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2108

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .7982536   .2173178     3.67   0.000     .3723185    1.224189
       level |  -.0144843   .0322647    -0.45   0.653    -.0777219    .0487534
           g |   .0158391   .0065237     2.43   0.015     .0030529    .0286253
  population |    .001348   .0008185     1.65   0.100    -.0002562    .0029522
    tradegdp |  -.0090077   .0034729    -2.59   0.009    -.0158144   -.0022011
         war |   .4068329   .2411342     1.69   0.092    -.0657815    .8794474
   communist |  -.6881513   .6788854    -1.01   0.311    -2.018742    .6424396
 hath_spline |  -1.288539   .2029675    -6.35   0.000    -1.686348   -.8907303
    _spline1 |  -.0063194   .0095129    -0.66   0.506    -.0249644    .0123255
    _spline2 |  -.1309502   .0362008    -3.62   0.000    -.2019024   -.0599981
    _spline3 |   .0861127   .0423508     2.03   0.042     .0031065    .1691188
       _cons |  -.0593326   .2752854    -0.22   0.829    -.5988821     .480217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. /* "When robust standard errors are included in the fixed effects specification, 
> the significance of the �Parties� variable drops to the 10 percent level. 
> This, however, is due to the inclusion of irrelevant variables and missing data, 
> which is more of a problem for fixed effects models that drop many observations 
> in addition to missing data. 
> When the insignificant variables � GDP/capita, Growth, Trade/GDP, and civil war � are
>  dropped, 
> the level of significance of the Parties coefficient increases to the 5 percent level
>  
> even with robust standard errors. Indeed, the p-value is 0.021." */
. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1, gr
> oup(aclpcode) robust
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 45 groups (266 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -172.58223  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -164.09102  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -162.2059  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -162.02857  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -162.0285  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood =  -162.0285  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        428
                                                  Wald chi2(6)    =      14.09
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0287
Log pseudolikelihood =  -162.0285                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0885

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .7148798   .4260118     1.68   0.093     -.120088    1.549848
       level |  -.3291249   .5119942    -0.64   0.520    -1.332615    .6743653
           g |   .0066337   .0173424     0.38   0.702    -.0273568    .0406242
  population |    .115742   .0495687     2.33   0.020     .0185891     .212895
    tradegdp |  -.0057539    .012665    -0.45   0.650    -.0305767     .019069
         war |   .5697195   .5922326     0.96   0.336    -.5910351    1.730474
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. clogit common_tort_hath party population communist if reg==1, group(aclpcode) robust
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 42 groups (335 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -251.55609  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -241.03191  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -239.86704  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -239.79907  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -239.7878  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -239.78575  
Iteration 6:   log pseudolikelihood = -239.78554  
Iteration 7:   log pseudolikelihood =  -239.7855  
Iteration 8:   log pseudolikelihood = -239.78549  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        607
                                                  Wald chi2(3)    =     210.16
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -239.78549                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0640

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .8754654   .3782985     2.31   0.021     .1340141    1.616917
  population |   .0839177   .0455509     1.84   0.065    -.0053605    .1731958
   communist |   14.28744     1.0072    14.19   0.000     12.31336    16.26151
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. /* Using Clarify software to perform simulations, 
> I interpolated the effect of having multiple political parties using the duration dep
> endence logit, 
> holding all control variables to their median values. 
> When parties are not present (under the �closed� dictatorship), 
> the predicted probability of torture is 0.07 (and one can say with 95 percent confide
> nce that the probability of torture is between 0.04 and 0.11). 
> When multiple political parties are present, 
> the predicted probability of torture is 0.14 (and one can say with 95 percent confide
> nce that the probability of torture is between 0.09 and 0.21). 
> The estimated difference in the probabilities is 0.07 (and one can say with 95 percen
> t confidence that the difference is between 0.03 and 0.12).  */
. *Note that the following is a simulation and should approximate the published numbers
. estsimp logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_s
> pline _spline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1, robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -394.05887
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -316.92577
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -311.28565
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -310.98925
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -310.98691
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -310.98691

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        694
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =     114.87
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -310.98691                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2108

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .7982536   .2173178     3.67   0.000     .3723185    1.224189
       level |  -.0144843   .0322647    -0.45   0.653    -.0777219    .0487534
           g |   .0158391   .0065237     2.43   0.015     .0030529    .0286253
  population |    .001348   .0008185     1.65   0.100    -.0002562    .0029522
    tradegdp |  -.0090077   .0034729    -2.59   0.009    -.0158144   -.0022011
         war |   .4068329   .2411342     1.69   0.092    -.0657815    .8794474
   communist |  -.6881513   .6788854    -1.01   0.311    -2.018742    .6424396
 hath_spline |  -1.288539   .2029675    -6.35   0.000    -1.686348   -.8907303
    _spline1 |  -.0063194   .0095129    -0.66   0.506    -.0249644    .0123255
    _spline2 |  -.1309502   .0362008    -3.62   0.000    -.2019024   -.0599981
    _spline3 |   .0861127   .0423508     2.03   0.042     .0031065    .1691188
       _cons |  -.0593326   .2752854    -0.22   0.829    -.5988821     .480217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Simulating main parameters.  Please wait....
% of simulations completed: 8% 16% 25% 33% 41% 50% 58% 66% 75% 83% 91% 100% 

Number of simulations  : 1000
Names of new variables : b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 b12

. setx median

. *The median time w/no torture in this sample is 2:
. *The values of the splines when median non-torture time is set to 2 are:
. *_spline1=-8 _spline2=-6.545455 _spline3=-4.363636
. setx

You have set the following values for the explanatory variables:

------------------------------------
 Variable |    Value     Description
----------+-------------------------
 _spline1 |         -8      median  
 _spline2 |  -6.545455      median  
 _spline3 |  -4.363636      median  
 commun~t |          0      median  
        g |        .57      median  
 hath_s~e |          2      median  
    level |    2.04378      median  
    party |          1      median  
 popula~n |     8.9645      median  
 tradegdp |   55.14995      median  
      war |          0      median  
------------------------------------

. setx party 0

. simqi, listx

You have set the following values for the explanatory variables:

------------------------------------
 Variable |    Value     Description
----------+-------------------------
 _spline1 |         -8      median  
 _spline2 |  -6.545455      median  
 _spline3 |  -4.363636      median  
 commun~t |          0      median  
        g |        .57      median  
 hath_s~e |          2      median  
    level |    2.04378      median  
    party |          0        0     
 popula~n |     8.9645      median  
 tradegdp |   55.14995      median  
      war |          0      median  
------------------------------------


Quantities of interest based on those explanatory values:

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
            Pr(common~h=0) |   .9291231     .0191461     .8845663    .9593464
            Pr(common~h=1) |   .0708769     .0191461     .0406536    .1154337

. setx party 1

. simqi, listx

You have set the following values for the explanatory variables:

------------------------------------
 Variable |    Value     Description
----------+-------------------------
 _spline1 |         -8      median  
 _spline2 |  -6.545455      median  
 _spline3 |  -4.363636      median  
 commun~t |          0      median  
        g |        .57      median  
 hath_s~e |          2      median  
    level |    2.04378      median  
    party |          1        1     
 popula~n |     8.9645      median  
 tradegdp |   55.14995      median  
      war |          0      median  
------------------------------------


Quantities of interest based on those explanatory values:

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
            Pr(common~h=0) |   .8562833     .0330159     .7836911    .9103927
            Pr(common~h=1) |   .1437167     .0330159     .0896073    .2163089

. simqi, fd(prval(1)) changex(party 0 1)

First Difference: party 0 1

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
         dPr(common~h = 1) |   .0728398     .0240079     .0301733    .1246685

. 
. /* Interestingly, when the count and spline variables are held to zero, 
> which implies that the government practiced torture during the past year, 
> the predicted probability of torture is much higher. 
> When parties are not present (under the �closed� dictatorship), 
> the predicted probability of torture is 0.36 (with a 95 percent confidence interval o
> f 0.27 to 0.46). 
> When multiple political parties are present, the predicted probability of torture is 
> 0.55 (with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.47 to 0.64). 
> The estimated difference in the probabilities is 0.19 (with a 95 percent confidence i
> nterval of 0.09 to 0.28). */
. setx hath_spline 0 _spline1 0 _spline2 0 _spline3 0

. setx party 0

. simqi, listx

You have set the following values for the explanatory variables:

------------------------------------
 Variable |    Value     Description
----------+-------------------------
 _spline1 |          0        0     
 _spline2 |          0        0     
 _spline3 |          0        0     
 commun~t |          0      median  
        g |        .57      median  
 hath_s~e |          0        0     
    level |    2.04378      median  
    party |          0        0     
 popula~n |     8.9645      median  
 tradegdp |   55.14995      median  
      war |          0      median  
------------------------------------


Quantities of interest based on those explanatory values:

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
            Pr(common~h=0) |   .6363182     .0478314     .5396746    .7238795
            Pr(common~h=1) |   .3636818     .0478314     .2761205    .4603254

. setx party 1

. simqi, listx

You have set the following values for the explanatory variables:

------------------------------------
 Variable |    Value     Description
----------+-------------------------
 _spline1 |          0        0     
 _spline2 |          0        0     
 _spline3 |          0        0     
 commun~t |          0      median  
        g |        .57      median  
 hath_s~e |          0        0     
    level |    2.04378      median  
    party |          1        1     
 popula~n |     8.9645      median  
 tradegdp |   55.14995      median  
      war |          0      median  
------------------------------------


Quantities of interest based on those explanatory values:

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
            Pr(common~h=0) |   .4424346     .0443522     .3566995    .5297652
            Pr(common~h=1) |   .5575654     .0443522     .4702348    .6433005

. simqi, fd(prval(1)) changex(party 0 1)

First Difference: party 0 1

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
         dPr(common~h = 1) |   .1938836     .0514065     .0902463     .291612

. 
. drop b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 b12 

. 
. 
. /* This prompted me to reevaluate the data using a dynamic version of logit, where I 
> tested the effect of parties on the onset of torture... 
> Holding all control variables to their median values, 
> the difference in the predicted probability of torture when there are not multiple pa
> rties versus when there are parties is 
> 0.06 (with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.01 to 0.11).  */
. *Dynamic logit (torture onset)
. estsimp logit common_tort_hath party_lag level_lag g_lag population_lag tradegdp_lag 
> war_lag communist_lag if reg==1 & common_tort_hath_lag==0, robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -172.33883
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -160.06159
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -157.92789
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -157.89402
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -157.89393

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        460
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =      26.61
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0004
Log pseudolikelihood = -157.89393                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0838

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   party_lag |    .744971   .3352585     2.22   0.026     .0878763    1.402066
   level_lag |    .063623   .0331865     1.92   0.055    -.0014213    .1286674
       g_lag |  -.0183394   .0106483    -1.72   0.085    -.0392096    .0025308
population~g |   .0001654   .0011492     0.14   0.886    -.0020871    .0024178
tradegdp_lag |  -.0107456   .0041291    -2.60   0.009    -.0188384   -.0026528
     war_lag |   1.086464   .3380855     3.21   0.001     .4238287    1.749099
communist_~g |   .2735418   .6634461     0.41   0.680    -1.026789    1.573872
       _cons |  -2.210133   .3763554    -5.87   0.000    -2.947776    -1.47249
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Simulating main parameters.  Please wait....
% of simulations completed: 12% 25% 37% 50% 62% 75% 87% 100% 

Number of simulations  : 1000
Names of new variables : b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8

. setx median

. setx party_lag 0

. simqi, listx

You have set the following values for the explanatory variables:

------------------------------------
 Variable |    Value     Description
----------+-------------------------
 commun~g |         0       median  
    g_lag |      .385       median  
 level_~g |   1.93728       median  
 party_~g |         0         0     
 popula~g |     7.589       median  
 tradeg~g |   58.3521       median  
  war_lag |         0       median  
------------------------------------


Quantities of interest based on those explanatory values:

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
            Pr(common~h=0) |   .9369753     .0182294     .8965517    .9673352
            Pr(common~h=1) |   .0630247     .0182294     .0326648    .1034483

. setx party_lag 1

. simqi, listx

You have set the following values for the explanatory variables:

------------------------------------
 Variable |    Value     Description
----------+-------------------------
 commun~g |         0       median  
    g_lag |      .385       median  
 level_~g |   1.93728       median  
 party_~g |         1         1     
 popula~g |     7.589       median  
 tradeg~g |   58.3521       median  
  war_lag |         0       median  
------------------------------------


Quantities of interest based on those explanatory values:

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
            Pr(common~h=0) |   .8755867     .0239621     .8233648    .9160946
            Pr(common~h=1) |   .1244133     .0239621     .0839054    .1766352

. simqi, fd(prval(1)) changex(party_lag 0 1)

First Difference: party_lag 0 1

      Quantity of Interest |     Mean       Std. Err.    [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
         dPr(common~h = 1) |   .0613886     .0266395     .0116829    .1166507

. drop b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8

. 
. 
. *Table 2: The effect of parties on torture in dictatorships that eventually have part
> ies
. ologit torture party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & cdown<10 &
>  cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -757.7775
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -710.16673
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -708.76119
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -708.7439
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -708.74389

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        565
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     111.63
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -708.74389                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0647

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     torture |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .5358173   .1790498     2.99   0.003     .1848862    .8867484
       level |   .0395387   .0322367     1.23   0.220    -.0236441    .1027215
           g |   .0066706   .0025993     2.57   0.010     .0015761    .0117651
  population |     .00965   .0025301     3.81   0.000      .004691    .0146089
    tradegdp |   -.010598   .0021798    -4.86   0.000    -.0148705   -.0063256
         war |   .4738047   .2007514     2.36   0.018     .0803392    .8672702
   communist |  -.4067707   .4807441    -0.85   0.397    -1.349012    .5354704
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.081082   .2821708          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -.9496127   .1871474 
       _cut3 |   1.306491    .192616 
       _cut4 |   3.088899   .2654166 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       565    .6566372    .4752521          0          1

. ologit torture party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & cdown<9 & 
> cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -753.88414
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -705.71664
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -704.28839
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -704.27082
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -704.27081

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        562
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     113.76
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -704.27081                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0658

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     torture |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .5425198   .1798953     3.02   0.003     .1899316    .8951081
       level |     .04265   .0322183     1.32   0.186    -.0204967    .1057966
           g |   .0066696   .0026234     2.54   0.011     .0015278    .0118113
  population |   .0096015   .0025324     3.79   0.000     .0046381    .0145649
    tradegdp |  -.0108302   .0021802    -4.97   0.000    -.0151034    -.006557
         war |   .4746621   .2033375     2.33   0.020     .0761279    .8731964
   communist |  -.4184266   .4817476    -0.87   0.385    -1.362635    .5257814
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.082552   .2842282          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -.9550367   .1886458 
       _cut3 |   1.310522   .1935163 
       _cut4 |   3.085962   .2661804 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       562    .6601423    .4740826          0          1

. ologit torture party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & cdown<8 & 
> cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -744.60413
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -696.42385
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -694.97775
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -694.95873
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -694.95872

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        556
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     114.89
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -694.95872                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0667

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     torture |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .5308666   .1813796     2.93   0.003     .1753692     .886364
       level |   .0442003   .0323891     1.36   0.172    -.0192811    .1076817
           g |    .006837   .0027285     2.51   0.012     .0014893    .0121847
  population |   .0096381   .0025581     3.77   0.000     .0046244    .0146518
    tradegdp |  -.0109942   .0021965    -5.01   0.000    -.0152992   -.0066891
         war |   .4717991   .2050029     2.30   0.021     .0700007    .8735974
   communist |  -.4346812   .4837141    -0.90   0.369    -1.382743     .513381
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.083402   .2881411          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -.9862098   .1920046 
       _cut3 |   1.295802   .1955244 
       _cut4 |   3.101774   .2686153 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       556    .6672662    .4716164          0          1

. ologit torture party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & cdown<7 & 
> cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -727.8748
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -680.04731
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -678.61481
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -678.59644
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -678.59643

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        541
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     113.90
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -678.59643                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0677

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     torture |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .5471063   .1872153     2.92   0.003     .1801711    .9140415
       level |   .0474018   .0323613     1.46   0.143    -.0160253    .1108288
           g |   .0068839   .0028037     2.46   0.014     .0013886    .0123791
  population |   .0096088   .0025883     3.71   0.000     .0045358    .0146817
    tradegdp |   -.011202   .0022183    -5.05   0.000    -.0155498   -.0068543
         war |   .4665062   .2078556     2.24   0.025     .0591166    .8738957
   communist |  -.4396389    .480652    -0.91   0.360    -1.381699    .5024217
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.040342   .2938429          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -.9733104   .1979691 
       _cut3 |   1.301149   .2010047 
       _cut4 |   3.095242   .2733438 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       541    .6857671    .4646393          0          1

. ologit torture party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & cdown<6 & 
> cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -700.64996
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -654.27194
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -652.90468
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -652.88955
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -652.88954

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        519
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     112.88
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -652.88954                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0682

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     torture |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .5559203   .1962809     2.83   0.005     .1712167    .9406238
       level |   .0438442   .0323865     1.35   0.176    -.0196321    .1073206
           g |   .0068109   .0027398     2.49   0.013     .0014411    .0121808
  population |   .0102295   .0025321     4.04   0.000     .0052667    .0151924
    tradegdp |  -.0108524   .0022325    -4.86   0.000     -.015228   -.0064768
         war |   .4213803   .2099172     2.01   0.045     .0099501    .8328105
   communist |  -.4215336   .4791805    -0.88   0.379     -1.36071    .5176429
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.019075   .3079316          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -.9309271    .209677 
       _cut3 |   1.322707   .2135925 
       _cut4 |   3.097101   .2847975 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       519    .7148362     .451928          0          1

. ologit torture party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & cdown<5 & 
> cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -656.17095
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -608.87975
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -607.56817
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -607.55842
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -607.55842

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        484
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     111.50
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -607.55842                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0741

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     torture |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .6029908   .2155734     2.80   0.005     .1804748    1.025507
       level |   .0602916   .0323027     1.87   0.062    -.0030205    .1236038
           g |   .0064541   .0026218     2.46   0.014     .0013155    .0115928
  population |   .0101198   .0025362     3.99   0.000     .0051489    .0150908
    tradegdp |  -.0120089   .0022878    -5.25   0.000    -.0164928    -.007525
         war |   .4064611   .2172002     1.87   0.061    -.0192434    .8321657
   communist |  -.5111586   .4782046    -1.07   0.285    -1.448422    .4261053
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.102455   .3348313          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -.9003282   .2297687 
       _cut3 |   1.316313   .2354272 
       _cut4 |   3.107058   .3027078 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       484    .7603306    .4273234          0          1

. 
. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & c
> down<10 & cdown~=., group(aclpcode)
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 39 groups (237 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -125.17909  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -120.93135  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -120.90953  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -120.90952  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        328
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      14.98
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0204
Log likelihood = -120.90952                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0583

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |    .748863   .3982573     1.88   0.060    -.0317071    1.529433
       level |  -.0052039   .4090216    -0.01   0.990    -.8068715    .7964638
           g |    .010246   .0203271     0.50   0.614    -.0295943    .0500863
  population |   .1387942   .0615541     2.25   0.024     .0181504     .259438
    tradegdp |  -.0039779   .0118789    -0.33   0.738    -.0272601    .0193043
         war |    .567001   .6002469     0.94   0.345    -.6094612    1.743463
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       328    .6646341    .4728395          0          1

. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & c
> down<9 & cdown~=., group(aclpcode)
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 39 groups (236 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -123.76829  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -119.42373  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -119.40123  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -119.40122  
Iteration 4:   log likelihood = -119.40122  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        326
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      15.71
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0154
Log likelihood = -119.40122                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0617

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .7576297   .4020924     1.88   0.060    -.0304569    1.545716
       level |  -.0202356   .4085545    -0.05   0.960    -.8209877    .7805165
           g |   .0088366   .0201727     0.44   0.661    -.0307011    .0483744
  population |   .1421402   .0617819     2.30   0.021     .0210499    .2632305
    tradegdp |  -.0066113   .0121625    -0.54   0.587    -.0304494    .0172269
         war |   .6787884   .6237817     1.09   0.277    -.5438013    1.901378
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       326    .6687117    .4714001          0          1

. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & c
> down<8 & cdown~=., group(aclpcode)
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 39 groups (233 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -122.09916  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -117.76557  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -117.74424  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -117.74423  
Iteration 4:   log likelihood = -117.74423  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        323
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      16.19
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0128
Log likelihood = -117.74423                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0643

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .8061439   .4080378     1.98   0.048     .0064044    1.605883
       level |  -.0345752   .4097463    -0.08   0.933    -.8376631    .7685127
           g |   .0101486   .0203045     0.50   0.617    -.0296474    .0499446
  population |   .1449439   .0619024     2.34   0.019     .0236175    .2662703
    tradegdp |  -.0100499   .0125613    -0.80   0.424    -.0346696    .0145698
         war |   .6032706   .6270067     0.96   0.336    -.6256399    1.832181
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       323    .6749226    .4691305          0          1

. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & c
> down<7 & cdown~=., group(aclpcode)
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 39 groups (226 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -118.41876  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -114.43005  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -114.41406  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -114.41405  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        315
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      15.34
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0177
Log likelihood = -114.41405                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0628

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .8513366   .4169533     2.04   0.041     .0341232     1.66855
       level |  -.0133346   .4118039    -0.03   0.974    -.8204555    .7937862
           g |   .0105348   .0203885     0.52   0.605    -.0294259    .0504955
  population |   .1365957     .06205     2.20   0.028     .0149799    .2582115
    tradegdp |  -.0084355   .0130811    -0.64   0.519     -.034074     .017203
         war |    .628761   .6275073     1.00   0.316    -.6011308    1.858653
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       315    .6920635    .4623746          0          1

. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & c
> down<6 & cdown~=., group(aclpcode)
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 39 groups (217 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood =  -111.8149  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood =  -107.8979  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -107.88569  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -107.88569  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        302
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      14.66
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0231
Log likelihood = -107.88569                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0636

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .9415374   .4416761     2.13   0.033     .0758681    1.807207
       level |   .0597415   .4230086     0.14   0.888    -.7693401    .8888231
           g |   .0183212   .0223157     0.82   0.412    -.0254168    .0620592
  population |   .1223304   .0618573     1.98   0.048     .0010924    .2435684
    tradegdp |   -.004288   .0135719    -0.32   0.752    -.0308884    .0223124
         war |   .6332131   .6303337     1.00   0.315    -.6022183    1.868645
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       302    .7218543    .4488293          0          1

. clogit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 & c
> down<5 & cdown~=., group(aclpcode)
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 41 groups (211 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -100.29331  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -97.422384  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -97.415374  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -97.415374  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        273
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      12.64
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0490
Log likelihood = -97.415374                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0609

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .9082902   .4767702     1.91   0.057    -.0261623    1.842743
       level |   -.168832   .4868475    -0.35   0.729    -1.123036    .7853716
           g |   .0081262   .0217182     0.37   0.708    -.0344407    .0506932
  population |   .1300937    .062743     2.07   0.038     .0071197    .2530677
    tradegdp |  -.0094513   .0145498    -0.65   0.516    -.0379683    .0190657
         war |   .6572433   .6447573     1.02   0.308    -.6064577    1.920944
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       273    .7875458    .4097958          0          1

. 
. logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1 & cdown<10 & cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -309.50342
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -248.7368
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -243.73476
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -243.36693
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -243.36077
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -243.36077

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        565
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =      89.13
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -243.36077                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2137

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .8933375   .2715137     3.29   0.001     .3611804    1.425495
       level |   -.009306   .0597585    -0.16   0.876    -.1264305    .1078185
           g |    .017947    .007521     2.39   0.017     .0032062    .0326878
  population |   .0057972   .0037001     1.57   0.117    -.0014549    .0130492
    tradegdp |  -.0112714   .0041993    -2.68   0.007    -.0195018   -.0030409
         war |   .2138465   .3066846     0.70   0.486    -.3872443    .8149373
   communist |  -.2091672   .7920288    -0.26   0.792    -1.761515    1.343181
 hath_spline |  -1.292574   .2306032    -5.61   0.000    -1.744548   -.8406005
    _spline1 |  -.0033263    .010129    -0.33   0.743    -.0231787    .0165262
    _spline2 |  -.1233443   .0399735    -3.09   0.002    -.2016908   -.0449977
    _spline3 |   .0726256   .0455412     1.59   0.111    -.0166336    .1618848
       _cons |  -.1798892   .3302509    -0.54   0.586    -.8271691    .4673907
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       565    .6566372    .4752521          0          1

. logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1 & cdown<9 & cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -307.52259
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -246.68244
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -241.55222
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -241.14519
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -241.13765
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -241.13764

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        562
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =      88.39
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -241.13764                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2159

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .9030687   .2745996     3.29   0.001     .3648634    1.441274
       level |   -.002942   .0599133    -0.05   0.961    -.1203699    .1144858
           g |    .017871   .0073891     2.42   0.016     .0033886    .0323535
  population |   .0055836   .0037003     1.51   0.131    -.0016688     .012836
    tradegdp |   -.012138   .0042938    -2.83   0.005    -.0205537   -.0037222
         war |   .2398264   .3091397     0.78   0.438    -.3660763    .8457291
   communist |  -.2238236   .7925916    -0.28   0.778    -1.777274    1.329627
 hath_spline |   -1.28205   .2309382    -5.55   0.000    -1.734681   -.8294198
    _spline1 |  -.0032036   .0101689    -0.32   0.753    -.0231343    .0167271
    _spline2 |  -.1220625   .0400942    -3.04   0.002    -.2006456   -.0434794
    _spline3 |   .0715873   .0457075     1.57   0.117    -.0179977    .1611724
       _cons |  -.1654697   .3373299    -0.49   0.624    -.8266243    .4956848
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       562    .6601423    .4740826          0          1

. logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1 & cdown<8 & cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -304.73033
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -243.95042
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -238.65532
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -238.17904
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -238.1689
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -238.16889

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        556
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =      87.18
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -238.16889                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2184

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .8984465   .2771753     3.24   0.001     .3551928      1.4417
       level |  -.0014651    .060533    -0.02   0.981    -.1201076    .1171775
           g |   .0191607   .0078347     2.45   0.014     .0038049    .0345165
  population |    .005409   .0036933     1.46   0.143    -.0018297    .0126478
    tradegdp |  -.0129535   .0044684    -2.90   0.004    -.0217114   -.0041956
         war |   .2264016   .3104673     0.73   0.466    -.3821032    .8349063
   communist |  -.2442402   .7946421    -0.31   0.759     -1.80171     1.31323
 hath_spline |  -1.276536   .2321379    -5.50   0.000    -1.731518   -.8215542
    _spline1 |  -.0030725    .010205    -0.30   0.763    -.0230739    .0169289
    _spline2 |  -.1209067    .040296    -3.00   0.003    -.1998854   -.0419279
    _spline3 |   .0705452   .0459102     1.54   0.124    -.0194371    .1605274
       _cons |  -.1092897   .3489168    -0.31   0.754     -.793154    .5745747
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       556    .6672662    .4716164          0          1

. logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1 & cdown<7 & cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -298.31854
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -235.89465
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -230.45245
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -229.9226
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -229.90932
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -229.90931

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        541
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =      87.82
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -229.90931                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2293

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .8202473   .2835319     2.89   0.004      .264535     1.37596
       level |    -.00687   .0617805    -0.11   0.911    -.1279575    .1142176
           g |   .0205497     .00846     2.43   0.015     .0039684     .037131
  population |    .005738   .0038175     1.50   0.133    -.0017442    .0132202
    tradegdp |  -.0128437   .0046737    -2.75   0.006     -.022004   -.0036834
         war |   .2309599   .3180987     0.73   0.468    -.3925022     .854422
   communist |  -.2619892   .8059278    -0.33   0.745    -1.841579      1.3176
 hath_spline |  -1.355285   .2365039    -5.73   0.000    -1.818824   -.8917454
    _spline1 |  -.0035781   .0101699    -0.35   0.725    -.0235108    .0163546
    _spline2 |   -.130325   .0404295    -3.22   0.001    -.2095653   -.0510847
    _spline3 |   .0768644   .0458436     1.68   0.094    -.0129875    .1667162
       _cons |   .0099414   .3606201     0.03   0.978    -.6968611    .7167438
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       541    .6857671    .4646393          0          1

. logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1 & cdown<6 & cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -288.79171
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -228.63552
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -223.52451
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -223.00595
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -222.99265
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -222.99265

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        519
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =      85.77
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -222.99265                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2278

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .7236466   .2977909     2.43   0.015     .1399871    1.307306
       level |  -.0121345   .0617892    -0.20   0.844    -.1332391    .1089701
           g |   .0206895   .0085252     2.43   0.015     .0039804    .0373986
  population |   .0060261   .0038378     1.57   0.116    -.0014959    .0135482
    tradegdp |  -.0124812   .0047246    -2.64   0.008    -.0217411   -.0032212
         war |   .1734805   .3237124     0.54   0.592    -.4609842    .8079451
   communist |  -.3007209   .8005293    -0.38   0.707    -1.869729    1.268288
 hath_spline |  -1.318028   .2369562    -5.56   0.000    -1.782454   -.8536025
    _spline1 |  -.0026931    .010254    -0.26   0.793    -.0227907    .0174045
    _spline2 |  -.1224731   .0406643    -3.01   0.003    -.2021735   -.0427726
    _spline3 |   .0698987   .0461581     1.51   0.130    -.0205696     .160367
       _cons |   .1037005    .380163     0.27   0.785    -.6414053    .8488062
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       519    .7148362     .451928          0          1

. logit common_tort_hath party level g population tradegdp war communist hath_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1 & cdown<5 & cdown~=., robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -274.34548
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -215.65447
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -210.72381
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -210.10182
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -210.08116
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -210.08114

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        484
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =      83.15
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -210.08114                 Pseudo R2       =     0.2342

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .5820769   .3221165     1.81   0.071    -.0492598    1.213414
       level |  -.0118311   .0632643    -0.19   0.852    -.1358268    .1121647
           g |   .0198799   .0081807     2.43   0.015     .0038461    .0359137
  population |   .0051454   .0038464     1.34   0.181    -.0023934    .0126843
    tradegdp |  -.0136849     .00501    -2.73   0.006    -.0235042   -.0038655
         war |   .1691855   .3301092     0.51   0.608    -.4778167    .8161877
   communist |  -.3727257   .9718008    -0.38   0.701     -2.27742    1.531969
 hath_spline |  -1.329528   .2451462    -5.42   0.000    -1.810006   -.8490504
    _spline1 |  -.0023082   .0103504    -0.22   0.824    -.0225946    .0179781
    _spline2 |  -.1202642   .0416902    -2.88   0.004    -.2019754   -.0385529
    _spline3 |   .0672149   .0468581     1.43   0.151    -.0246254    .1590551
       _cons |   .3926478   .4197516     0.94   0.350    -.4300502    1.215346
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sum party if e(sample)==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       484    .7603306    .4273234          0          1

. drop  hath_spline _spline1 _spline2 _spline3 

. 
. 
. 
. *CAT Participation and Political Parties under Dictatorship
. /* Out of 119 dictatorships observed from 1985 to 1996, 
> 46 signed the CAT. 
> Only 17 of these were dictatorships that did not have legalized multiple political pa
> rties, 
> while 29 of them were dictatorships with political parties, ... 
> 38 dictatorships ratified the CAT � only 12 were dictatorships without parties, 
> while 26 of them were dictatorships with parties*/
. list aclpcode year cats_year catr_year party if reg==1 & year<1997 & year>1984

      +-----------------------------------------------+
      | aclpcode   year   cats_y~r   catr_y~r   party |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
  24. |        1   1985       1985       1989       0 |
  25. |        1   1986       1985       1989       0 |
  26. |        1   1987       1985       1989       0 |
  27. |        1   1988       1985       1989       0 |
  28. |        1   1989       1985       1989       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
  29. |        1   1990       1985       1989       1 |
  30. |        1   1991       1985       1989       1 |
  31. |        1   1992       1985       1989       1 |
  32. |        1   1993       1985       1989       1 |
  33. |        1   1994       1985       1989       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
  34. |        1   1995       1985       1989       1 |
  35. |        1   1996       1985       1989       1 |
  46. |        2   1985          .          .       0 |
  47. |        2   1986          .          .       0 |
  48. |        2   1987          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
  49. |        2   1988          .          .       0 |
  50. |        2   1989          .          .       0 |
  51. |        2   1990          .          .       0 |
  52. |        2   1991          .          .       0 |
  53. |        2   1992          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
  54. |        2   1993          .          .       1 |
  55. |        2   1994          .          .       1 |
  56. |        2   1995          .          .       1 |
  57. |        2   1996          .          .       1 |
  83. |        3   1985       1992       1992       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
  84. |        3   1986       1992       1992       0 |
  85. |        3   1987       1992       1992       0 |
  86. |        3   1988       1992       1992       0 |
  87. |        3   1989       1992       1992       0 |
  88. |        3   1990       1992       1992       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 114. |        4   1985       2000       2000       1 |
 115. |        4   1986       2000       2000       1 |
 116. |        4   1987       2000       2000       1 |
 117. |        4   1988       2000       2000       1 |
 118. |        4   1989       2000       2000       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 119. |        4   1990       2000       2000       1 |
 120. |        4   1991       2000       2000       1 |
 121. |        4   1992       2000       2000       1 |
 122. |        4   1993       2000       2000       1 |
 123. |        4   1994       2000       2000       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 124. |        4   1995       2000       2000       1 |
 125. |        4   1996       2000       2000       1 |
 151. |        5   1985       1999       1999       0 |
 152. |        5   1986       1999       1999       0 |
 153. |        5   1987       1999       1999       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 154. |        5   1988       1999       1999       1 |
 155. |        5   1989       1999       1999       1 |
 156. |        5   1990       1999       1999       1 |
 157. |        5   1991       1999       1999       1 |
 158. |        5   1992       1999       1999       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 159. |        5   1993       1999       1999       1 |
 160. |        5   1994       1999       1999       1 |
 161. |        5   1995       1999       1999       1 |
 162. |        5   1996       1999       1999       1 |
 186. |        6   1985       1993       1993       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 187. |        6   1986       1993       1993       0 |
 188. |        6   1987       1993       1993       0 |
 189. |        6   1988       1993       1993       0 |
 190. |        6   1989       1993       1993       0 |
 191. |        6   1990       1993       1993       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 192. |        6   1991       1993       1993       0 |
 193. |        6   1992       1993       1993       1 |
 197. |        6   1996       1993       1993       1 |
 223. |        7   1985       1986       1986       0 |
 224. |        7   1986       1986       1986       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 225. |        7   1987       1986       1986       0 |
 226. |        7   1988       1986       1986       0 |
 227. |        7   1989       1986       1986       0 |
 228. |        7   1990       1986       1986       0 |
 229. |        7   1991       1986       1986       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 230. |        7   1992       1986       1986       1 |
 231. |        7   1993       1986       1986       1 |
 232. |        7   1994       1986       1986       1 |
 233. |        7   1995       1986       1986       1 |
 234. |        7   1996       1986       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 245. |        8   1985       1992       1992       0 |
 246. |        8   1986       1992       1992       0 |
 247. |        8   1987       1992       1992       0 |
 248. |        8   1988       1992       1992       0 |
 249. |        8   1989       1992       1992       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 250. |        8   1990       1992       1992       0 |
 282. |        9   1985          .          .       0 |
 283. |        9   1986          .          .       0 |
 284. |        9   1987          .          .       0 |
 285. |        9   1988          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 286. |        9   1989          .          .       0 |
 287. |        9   1990          .          .       0 |
 288. |        9   1991          .          .       1 |
 289. |        9   1992          .          .       1 |
 319. |       10   1985       1995       1995       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 320. |       10   1986       1995       1995       0 |
 321. |       10   1987       1995       1995       0 |
 322. |       10   1988       1995       1995       0 |
 323. |       10   1989       1995       1995       0 |
 324. |       10   1990       1995       1995       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 325. |       10   1991       1995       1995       0 |
 326. |       10   1992       1995       1995       1 |
 327. |       10   1993       1995       1995       1 |
 328. |       10   1994       1995       1995       1 |
 329. |       10   1995       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 330. |       10   1996       1995       1995       1 |
 341. |       11   1985       2000          .       0 |
 342. |       11   1986       2000          .       0 |
 343. |       11   1987       2000          .       0 |
 344. |       11   1988       2000          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 345. |       11   1989       2000          .       1 |
 351. |       11   1995       2000          .       1 |
 352. |       11   1996       2000          .       1 |
 378. |       12   1985       2003       2003       0 |
 379. |       12   1986       2003       2003       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 380. |       12   1987       2003       2003       0 |
 381. |       12   1988       2003       2003       0 |
 382. |       12   1989       2003       2003       0 |
 383. |       12   1990       2003       2003       0 |
 384. |       12   1991       2003       2003       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 398. |       13   1985       2002       2002       0 |
 399. |       13   1986       2002       2002       0 |
 400. |       13   1987       2002       2002       0 |
 401. |       13   1988       2002       2002       0 |
 402. |       13   1989       2002       2002       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 403. |       13   1990       2002       2002       0 |
 404. |       13   1991       2002       2002       0 |
 405. |       13   1992       2002       2002       1 |
 406. |       13   1993       2002       2002       1 |
 407. |       13   1994       2002       2002       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 408. |       13   1995       2002       2002       1 |
 409. |       13   1996       2002       2002       1 |
 449. |       14   1985       1986       1986       1 |
 450. |       14   1986       1986       1986       1 |
 451. |       14   1987       1986       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 452. |       14   1988       1986       1986       1 |
 453. |       14   1989       1986       1986       1 |
 454. |       14   1990       1986       1986       1 |
 455. |       14   1991       1986       1986       1 |
 456. |       14   1992       1986       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 457. |       14   1993       1986       1986       1 |
 458. |       14   1994       1986       1986       1 |
 459. |       14   1995       1986       1986       1 |
 460. |       14   1996       1986       1986       1 |
 500. |       15   1985       1994       1994       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 501. |       15   1986       1994       1994       0 |
 502. |       15   1987       1994       1994       0 |
 503. |       15   1988       1994       1994       0 |
 504. |       15   1989       1994       1994       0 |
 505. |       15   1990       1994       1994       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 506. |       15   1991       1994       1994       1 |
 507. |       15   1992       1994       1994       1 |
 533. |       16   1985       1986       2000       0 |
 534. |       16   1986       1986       2000       0 |
 535. |       16   1987       1986       2000       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 536. |       16   1988       1986       2000       0 |
 537. |       16   1989       1986       2000       0 |
 538. |       16   1990       1986       2000       1 |
 539. |       16   1991       1986       2000       1 |
 540. |       16   1992       1986       2000       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 541. |       16   1993       1986       2000       1 |
 542. |       16   1994       1986       2000       1 |
 543. |       16   1995       1986       2000       1 |
 544. |       16   1996       1986       2000       1 |
 565. |       17   1985       1985          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 566. |       17   1986       1985          .       1 |
 567. |       17   1987       1985          .       1 |
 568. |       17   1988       1985          .       1 |
 569. |       17   1989       1985          .       1 |
 570. |       17   1990       1985          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 571. |       17   1991       1985          .       1 |
 572. |       17   1992       1985          .       1 |
 573. |       17   1993       1985          .       1 |
 574. |       17   1994       1985          .       0 |
 575. |       17   1995       1985          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 576. |       17   1996       1985          .       1 |
 605. |       18   1985       2000       2000       0 |
 606. |       18   1986       2000       2000       0 |
 607. |       18   1987       2000       2000       0 |
 608. |       18   1988       2000       2000       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 609. |       18   1989       2000       2000       0 |
 610. |       18   1990       2000       2000       0 |
 611. |       18   1991       2000       2000       0 |
 612. |       18   1992       2000       2000       1 |
 644. |       19   1985       1986       1989       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 645. |       19   1986       1986       1989       0 |
 646. |       19   1987       1986       1989       0 |
 647. |       19   1988       1986       1989       0 |
 648. |       19   1989       1986       1989       0 |
 649. |       19   1990       1986       1989       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 650. |       19   1991       1986       1989       1 |
 651. |       19   1992       1986       1989       1 |
 652. |       19   1993       1986       1989       1 |
 653. |       19   1994       1986       1989       1 |
 654. |       19   1995       1986       1989       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 655. |       19   1996       1986       1989       1 |
 667. |       20   1985       2000          .       0 |
 668. |       20   1986       2000          .       0 |
 669. |       20   1987       2000          .       0 |
 670. |       20   1988       2000          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 671. |       20   1989       2000          .       0 |
 672. |       20   1990       2000          .       0 |
 673. |       20   1991       2000          .       1 |
 674. |       20   1992       2000          .       1 |
 675. |       20   1993       2000          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 676. |       20   1994       2000          .       1 |
 677. |       20   1995       2000          .       1 |
 678. |       20   1996       2000          .       1 |
 704. |       21   1985       1995       1995       0 |
 705. |       21   1986       1995       1995       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 706. |       21   1987       1995       1995       0 |
 707. |       21   1988       1995       1995       0 |
 708. |       21   1989       1995       1995       0 |
 709. |       21   1990       1995       1995       1 |
 710. |       21   1991       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 711. |       21   1992       1995       1995       1 |
 712. |       21   1993       1995       1995       1 |
 713. |       21   1994       1995       1995       1 |
 714. |       21   1995       1995       1995       1 |
 715. |       21   1996       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 738. |       22   1985       1997       1997       0 |
 739. |       22   1986       1997       1997       0 |
 740. |       22   1987       1997       1997       0 |
 741. |       22   1988       1997       1997       0 |
 742. |       22   1989       1997       1997       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 743. |       22   1990       1997       1997       0 |
 744. |       22   1991       1997       1997       1 |
 745. |       22   1992       1997       1997       1 |
 746. |       22   1993       1997       1997       1 |
 747. |       22   1994       1997       1997       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 748. |       22   1995       1997       1997       1 |
 749. |       22   1996       1997       1997       1 |
 769. |       23   1985       2001       2001       0 |
 770. |       23   1986       2001       2001       0 |
 771. |       23   1987       2001       2001       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 772. |       23   1988       2001       2001       0 |
 773. |       23   1989       2001       2001       0 |
 774. |       23   1990       2001       2001       0 |
 775. |       23   1991       2001       2001       1 |
 776. |       23   1992       2001       2001       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 820. |       24   1985       2004       2004       1 |
 821. |       24   1986       2004       2004       1 |
 822. |       24   1987       2004       2004       1 |
 823. |       24   1988       2004       2004       1 |
 824. |       24   1989       2004       2004       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 825. |       24   1990       2004       2004       1 |
 826. |       24   1991       2004       2004       1 |
 827. |       24   1992       2004       2004       1 |
 828. |       24   1993       2004       2004       1 |
 829. |       24   1994       2004       2004       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 830. |       24   1995       2004       2004       1 |
 831. |       24   1996       2004       2004       1 |
 857. |       25   1985       2001       2005       1 |
 858. |       25   1986       2001       2005       1 |
 859. |       25   1987       2001       2005       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 860. |       25   1988       2001       2005       1 |
 861. |       25   1989       2001       2005       1 |
 862. |       25   1990       2001       2005       1 |
 863. |       25   1991       2001       2005       1 |
 864. |       25   1992       2001       2005       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 890. |       26   1985       1996       1996       0 |
 891. |       26   1986       1996       1996       0 |
 892. |       26   1987       1996       1996       0 |
 893. |       26   1988       1996       1996       0 |
 894. |       26   1989       1996       1996       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 895. |       26   1990       1996       1996       0 |
 896. |       26   1991       1996       1996       0 |
 897. |       26   1992       1996       1996       0 |
 898. |       26   1993       1996       1996       1 |
 927. |       27   1985       1999       1999       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 928. |       27   1986       1999       1999       0 |
 929. |       27   1987       1999       1999       0 |
 930. |       27   1988       1999       1999       0 |
 931. |       27   1989       1999       1999       0 |
 932. |       27   1990       1999       1999       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 933. |       27   1991       1999       1999       1 |
 964. |       28   1985       2004       2004       0 |
 965. |       28   1986       2004       2004       0 |
 966. |       28   1987       2004       2004       0 |
 967. |       28   1988       2004       2004       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 968. |       28   1989       2004       2004       0 |
 969. |       28   1990       2004       2004       0 |
 970. |       28   1991       2004       2004       1 |
 971. |       28   1992       2004       2004       1 |
 972. |       28   1993       2004       2004       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
 973. |       28   1994       2004       2004       1 |
 974. |       28   1995       2004       2004       1 |
 975. |       28   1996       2004       2004       1 |
1034. |       30   1985       1986       1993       1 |
1035. |       30   1986       1986       1993       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1036. |       30   1987       1986       1993       1 |
1037. |       30   1988       1986       1993       1 |
1038. |       30   1989       1986       1993       1 |
1039. |       30   1990       1986       1993       1 |
1040. |       30   1991       1986       1993       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1041. |       30   1992       1986       1993       1 |
1042. |       30   1993       1986       1993       1 |
1043. |       30   1994       1986       1993       1 |
1044. |       30   1995       1986       1993       1 |
1045. |       30   1996       1986       1993       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1056. |       31   1985       1999       1999       0 |
1057. |       31   1986       1999       1999       0 |
1058. |       31   1987       1999       1999       0 |
1059. |       31   1988       1999       1999       0 |
1060. |       31   1989       1999       1999       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1061. |       31   1990       1999       1999       0 |
1062. |       31   1991       1999       1999       1 |
1063. |       31   1992       1999       1999       1 |
1064. |       31   1993       1999       1999       1 |
1065. |       31   1994       1999       1999       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1066. |       31   1995       1999       1999       1 |
1067. |       31   1996       1999       1999       1 |
1093. |       32   1985       1998       1998       0 |
1094. |       32   1986       1998       1998       0 |
1095. |       32   1987       1998       1998       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1096. |       32   1988       1998       1998       0 |
1097. |       32   1989       1998       1998       0 |
1098. |       32   1990       1998       1998       1 |
1099. |       32   1991       1998       1998       1 |
1100. |       32   1992       1998       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1104. |       32   1996       1998       1998       1 |
1130. |       33   1985       1988       2001       0 |
1131. |       33   1986       1988       2001       0 |
1132. |       33   1987       1988       2001       0 |
1133. |       33   1988       1988       2001       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1134. |       33   1989       1988       2001       1 |
1135. |       33   1990       1988       2001       1 |
1136. |       33   1991       1988       2001       1 |
1137. |       33   1992       1988       2001       1 |
1138. |       33   1993       1988       2001       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1139. |       33   1994       1988       2001       0 |
1140. |       33   1995       1988       2001       0 |
1141. |       33   1996       1988       2001       1 |
1165. |       34   1985          .          .       0 |
1166. |       34   1986          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1167. |       34   1987          .          .       0 |
1168. |       34   1988          .          .       0 |
1169. |       34   1989          .          .       0 |
1170. |       34   1990          .          .       0 |
1171. |       34   1991          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1172. |       34   1992          .          .       1 |
1173. |       34   1993          .          .       1 |
1174. |       34   1994          .          .       1 |
1175. |       34   1995          .          .       1 |
1176. |       34   1996          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1202. |       35   1985       1985       1986       1 |
1203. |       35   1986       1985       1986       1 |
1204. |       35   1987       1985       1986       1 |
1205. |       35   1988       1985       1986       1 |
1206. |       35   1989       1985       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1207. |       35   1990       1985       1986       1 |
1208. |       35   1991       1985       1986       1 |
1209. |       35   1992       1985       1986       1 |
1210. |       35   1993       1985       1986       1 |
1211. |       35   1994       1985       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1212. |       35   1995       1985       1986       1 |
1213. |       35   1996       1985       1986       1 |
1223. |       36   1985       1992       1992       0 |
1224. |       36   1986       1992       1992       0 |
1225. |       36   1987       1992       1992       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1226. |       36   1988       1992       1992       0 |
1227. |       36   1989       1992       1992       0 |
1228. |       36   1990       1992       1992       0 |
1229. |       36   1991       1992       1992       1 |
1230. |       36   1992       1992       1992       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1231. |       36   1993       1992       1992       1 |
1232. |       36   1994       1992       1992       1 |
1233. |       36   1995       1992       1992       1 |
1234. |       36   1996       1992       1992       1 |
1259. |       37   1985       1985       2001       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1260. |       37   1986       1985       2001       0 |
1261. |       37   1987       1985       2001       0 |
1262. |       37   1988       1985       2001       0 |
1263. |       37   1989       1985       2001       0 |
1264. |       37   1990       1985       2001       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1265. |       37   1991       1985       2001       1 |
1266. |       37   1992       1985       2001       0 |
1267. |       37   1993       1985       2001       0 |
1268. |       37   1994       1985       2001       0 |
1269. |       37   1995       1985       2001       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1296. |       38   1985       1990       1990       0 |
1297. |       38   1986       1990       1990       0 |
1298. |       38   1987       1990       1990       0 |
1299. |       38   1988       1990       1990       0 |
1300. |       38   1989       1990       1990       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1301. |       38   1990       1990       1990       0 |
1302. |       38   1991       1990       1990       1 |
1303. |       38   1992       1990       1990       1 |
1304. |       38   1993       1990       1990       1 |
1305. |       38   1994       1990       1990       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1306. |       38   1995       1990       1990       1 |
1307. |       38   1996       1990       1990       1 |
1347. |       39   1985       1993       1998       1 |
1348. |       39   1986       1993       1998       1 |
1349. |       39   1987       1993       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1350. |       39   1988       1993       1998       1 |
1351. |       39   1989       1993       1998       1 |
1352. |       39   1990       1993       1998       1 |
1353. |       39   1991       1993       1998       1 |
1354. |       39   1992       1993       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1355. |       39   1993       1993       1998       1 |
1388. |       40   1985       1986          .       0 |
1392. |       40   1989       1986          .       0 |
1393. |       40   1990       1986          .       0 |
1394. |       40   1991       1986          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1395. |       40   1992       1986          .       0 |
1396. |       40   1993       1986          .       0 |
1397. |       40   1994       1986          .       0 |
1398. |       40   1995       1986          .       0 |
1399. |       40   1996       1986          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1417. |       41   1985       2004       2004       0 |
1418. |       41   1986       2004       2004       0 |
1419. |       41   1987       2004       2004       0 |
1420. |       41   1988       2004       2004       0 |
1421. |       41   1989       2004       2004       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1422. |       41   1990       2004       2004       0 |
1423. |       41   1991       2004       2004       0 |
1424. |       41   1992       2004       2004       0 |
1425. |       41   1993       2004       2004       0 |
1426. |       41   1994       2004       2004       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1427. |       41   1995       2004       2004       0 |
1428. |       41   1996       2004       2004       0 |
1453. |       42   1985          .          .       0 |
1454. |       42   1986          .          .       0 |
1455. |       42   1987          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1456. |       42   1988          .          .       0 |
1457. |       42   1989          .          .       0 |
1458. |       42   1990          .          .       0 |
1459. |       42   1991          .          .       0 |
1460. |       42   1992          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1461. |       42   1993          .          .       1 |
1462. |       42   1994          .          .       1 |
1463. |       42   1995          .          .       1 |
1464. |       42   1996          .          .       1 |
1490. |       43   1985       1987       1987       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1491. |       43   1986       1987       1987       0 |
1492. |       43   1987       1987       1987       0 |
1493. |       43   1988       1987       1987       0 |
1494. |       43   1989       1987       1987       0 |
1495. |       43   1990       1987       1987       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1496. |       43   1991       1987       1987       1 |
1497. |       43   1992       1987       1987       1 |
1498. |       43   1993       1987       1987       1 |
1499. |       43   1994       1987       1987       1 |
1500. |       43   1995       1987       1987       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1501. |       43   1996       1987       1987       1 |
1531. |       44   1985       1987       1988       1 |
1532. |       44   1986       1987       1988       1 |
1533. |       44   1987       1987       1988       1 |
1534. |       44   1988       1987       1988       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1535. |       44   1989       1987       1988       1 |
1536. |       44   1990       1987       1988       1 |
1537. |       44   1991       1987       1988       1 |
1538. |       44   1992       1987       1988       1 |
1539. |       44   1993       1987       1988       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1540. |       44   1994       1987       1988       1 |
1541. |       44   1995       1987       1988       1 |
1542. |       44   1996       1987       1988       1 |
1566. |       45   1985       1986       1986       1 |
1567. |       45   1986       1986       1986       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1568. |       45   1987       1986       1986       0 |
1569. |       45   1988       1986       1986       0 |
1570. |       45   1989       1986       1986       0 |
1571. |       45   1990       1986       1986       0 |
1572. |       45   1991       1986       1986       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1573. |       45   1992       1986       1986       0 |
1574. |       45   1993       1986       1986       0 |
1575. |       45   1994       1986       1986       0 |
1576. |       45   1995       1986       1986       0 |
1577. |       45   1996       1986       1986       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1603. |       46   1985       1996       1996       0 |
1604. |       46   1986       1996       1996       0 |
1605. |       46   1987       1996       1996       0 |
1606. |       46   1988       1996       1996       0 |
1607. |       46   1989       1996       1996       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1608. |       46   1990       1996       1996       1 |
1609. |       46   1991       1996       1996       1 |
1610. |       46   1992       1996       1996       1 |
1611. |       46   1993       1996       1996       1 |
1612. |       46   1994       1996       1996       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1613. |       46   1995       1996       1996       1 |
1614. |       46   1996       1996       1996       1 |
1636. |       47   1985       1998       1998       0 |
1637. |       47   1986       1998       1998       0 |
1638. |       47   1987       1998       1998       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1639. |       47   1988       1998       1998       0 |
1640. |       47   1989       1998       1998       0 |
1641. |       47   1990       1998       1998       0 |
1668. |       48   1985          .          .       1 |
1669. |       48   1986          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1670. |       48   1987          .          .       0 |
1671. |       48   1988          .          .       0 |
1672. |       48   1989          .          .       0 |
1673. |       48   1990          .          .       0 |
1674. |       48   1991          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
1675. |       48   1992          .          .       0 |
1676. |       48   1993          .          .       0 |
1677. |       48   1994          .          .       0 |
1678. |       48   1995          .          .       0 |
1679. |       48   1996          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2017. |       57   1985       1990       1990       1 |
2068. |       58   1985          .          .       1 |
2069. |       58   1986          .          .       1 |
2070. |       58   1987          .          .       1 |
2071. |       58   1988          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2072. |       58   1989          .          .       1 |
2073. |       58   1990          .          .       1 |
2074. |       58   1991          .          .       1 |
2075. |       58   1992          .          .       1 |
2076. |       58   1993          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2205. |       61   1985       1985       1986       1 |
2206. |       61   1986       1985       1986       1 |
2207. |       61   1987       1985       1986       1 |
2208. |       61   1988       1985       1986       1 |
2209. |       61   1989       1985       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2210. |       61   1990       1985       1986       1 |
2211. |       61   1991       1985       1986       1 |
2212. |       61   1992       1985       1986       1 |
2213. |       61   1993       1985       1986       1 |
2214. |       61   1994       1985       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2215. |       61   1995       1985       1986       1 |
2216. |       61   1996       1985       1986       1 |
2307. |       63   1985       1985       1987       1 |
2308. |       63   1986       1985       1987       1 |
2309. |       63   1987       1985       1987       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2310. |       63   1988       1985       1987       1 |
2597. |       69   1985       1987       1988       0 |
2598. |       69   1986       1987       1988       0 |
2599. |       69   1987       1987       1988       1 |
2600. |       69   1988       1987       1988       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2601. |       69   1989       1987       1988       1 |
2730. |       72   1985       1988       1988       1 |
2731. |       72   1986       1988       1988       1 |
2732. |       72   1987       1988       1988       1 |
2733. |       72   1988       1988       1988       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2734. |       72   1989       1988       1988       1 |
2735. |       72   1990       1988       1988       1 |
2736. |       72   1991       1988       1988       1 |
2781. |       73   1985       1989       1990       1 |
2782. |       73   1986       1989       1990       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2783. |       73   1987       1989       1990       1 |
2784. |       73   1988       1989       1990       1 |
2785. |       73   1989       1989       1990       1 |
2786. |       73   1990       1989       1990       1 |
2787. |       73   1991       1989       1990       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2788. |       73   1992       1989       1990       1 |
2789. |       73   1993       1989       1990       1 |
2790. |       73   1994       1989       1990       1 |
2791. |       73   1995       1989       1990       1 |
2792. |       73   1996       1989       1990       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2837. |       74   1990       1985       1988       1 |
2838. |       74   1991       1985       1988       1 |
2839. |       74   1992       1985       1988       1 |
2840. |       74   1993       1985       1988       1 |
2841. |       74   1994       1985       1988       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2842. |       74   1995       1985       1988       1 |
2843. |       74   1996       1985       1988       1 |
2854. |       75   1985          .          .       1 |
2855. |       75   1986          .          .       1 |
2856. |       75   1987          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2859. |       75   1990          .          .       1 |
2982. |       78   1985       1998       1998       1 |
2983. |       78   1986       1998       1998       1 |
2984. |       78   1987       1998       1998       1 |
2985. |       78   1988       1998       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
2986. |       78   1989       1998       1998       1 |
2987. |       78   1990       1998       1998       1 |
3033. |       79   1985       1986       1988       1 |
3034. |       79   1986       1986       1988       1 |
3035. |       79   1987       1986       1988       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3036. |       79   1988       1986       1988       1 |
3037. |       79   1989       1986       1988       1 |
3038. |       79   1990       1986       1988       1 |
3039. |       79   1991       1986       1988       1 |
3040. |       79   1992       1986       1988       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3041. |       79   1993       1986       1988       1 |
3042. |       79   1994       1986       1988       1 |
3043. |       79   1995       1986       1988       1 |
3044. |       79   1996       1986       1988       1 |
3134. |       81   1985       1985       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3135. |       81   1986       1985       1998       1 |
3136. |       81   1987       1985       1998       1 |
3137. |       81   1988       1985       1998       1 |
3138. |       81   1989       1985       1998       1 |
3139. |       81   1990       1985       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3140. |       81   1991       1985       1998       1 |
3141. |       81   1992       1985       1998       1 |
3142. |       81   1993       1985       1998       1 |
3143. |       81   1994       1985       1998       1 |
3144. |       81   1995       1985       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3145. |       81   1996       1985       1998       1 |
3185. |       82   1985          .          .       0 |
3186. |       82   1986          .          .       0 |
3187. |       82   1987          .          .       0 |
3188. |       82   1988          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3189. |       82   1989          .          .       0 |
3190. |       82   1990          .          .       0 |
3191. |       82   1991          .          .       0 |
3192. |       82   1992          .          .       0 |
3193. |       82   1993          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3194. |       82   1994          .          .       0 |
3195. |       82   1995          .          .       0 |
3196. |       82   1996          .          .       0 |
3236. |       83   1985          .          .       0 |
3237. |       83   1986          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3238. |       83   1987          .          .       0 |
3239. |       83   1988          .          .       0 |
3240. |       83   1989          .          .       0 |
3241. |       83   1990          .          .       0 |
3242. |       83   1991          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3243. |       83   1992          .          .       0 |
3244. |       83   1993          .          .       0 |
3245. |       83   1994          .          .       0 |
3246. |       83   1995          .          .       0 |
3247. |       83   1996          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3386. |       86   1985       1991       1991       0 |
3387. |       86   1986       1991       1991       0 |
3388. |       86   1987       1991       1991       0 |
3389. |       86   1988       1991       1991       0 |
3390. |       86   1989       1991       1991       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3391. |       86   1990       1991       1991       0 |
3392. |       86   1991       1991       1991       0 |
3393. |       86   1992       1991       1991       1 |
3394. |       86   1993       1991       1991       1 |
3395. |       86   1994       1991       1991       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3396. |       86   1995       1991       1991       1 |
3397. |       86   1996       1991       1991       1 |
3435. |       87   1985       1995       1995       1 |
3436. |       87   1986       1995       1995       1 |
3437. |       87   1987       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3478. |       88   1985          .          .       0 |
3479. |       88   1986          .          .       0 |
3480. |       88   1987          .          .       0 |
3481. |       88   1988          .          .       0 |
3482. |       88   1989          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3483. |       88   1990          .          .       0 |
3484. |       88   1991          .          .       0 |
3485. |       88   1992          .          .       0 |
3486. |       88   1993          .          .       0 |
3487. |       88   1994          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3488. |       88   1995          .          .       0 |
3489. |       88   1996          .          .       0 |
3518. |       89   1985          .          .       1 |
3519. |       89   1986          .          .       1 |
3520. |       89   1987          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3521. |       89   1988          .          .       1 |
3522. |       89   1989          .          .       1 |
3523. |       89   1990          .          .       1 |
3524. |       89   1991          .          .       1 |
3525. |       89   1992          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3526. |       89   1993          .          .       1 |
3527. |       89   1994          .          .       1 |
3528. |       89   1995          .          .       1 |
3529. |       89   1996          .          .       1 |
3569. |       90   1985       2002       2002       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3570. |       90   1986       2002       2002       0 |
3571. |       90   1987       2002       2002       0 |
3572. |       90   1988       2002       2002       0 |
3573. |       90   1989       2002       2002       0 |
3574. |       90   1990       2002       2002       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3575. |       90   1991       2002       2002       1 |
3618. |       91   1985          .          .       0 |
3619. |       91   1986          .          .       0 |
3620. |       91   1987          .          .       0 |
3621. |       91   1988          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3622. |       91   1989          .          .       1 |
3623. |       91   1990          .          .       1 |
3624. |       91   1991          .          .       1 |
3625. |       91   1992          .          .       1 |
3626. |       91   1993          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3627. |       91   1994          .          .       1 |
3628. |       91   1995          .          .       1 |
3629. |       91   1996          .          .       1 |
3669. |       92   1985       1991       1991       0 |
3670. |       92   1986       1991       1991       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3671. |       92   1987       1991       1991       0 |
3672. |       92   1988       1991       1991       0 |
3673. |       92   1989       1991       1991       0 |
3674. |       92   1990       1991       1991       1 |
3719. |       93   1985          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3720. |       93   1986          .          .       1 |
3721. |       93   1987          .          .       1 |
3770. |       94   1985       1986       1986       1 |
3802. |       95   1985          .          .       1 |
3803. |       95   1986          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3804. |       95   1987          .          .       1 |
3805. |       95   1988          .          .       1 |
3806. |       95   1989          .          .       1 |
3807. |       95   1990          .          .       1 |
3808. |       95   1991          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3809. |       95   1992          .          .       1 |
3810. |       95   1993          .          .       1 |
3811. |       95   1994          .          .       1 |
3812. |       95   1995          .          .       1 |
3813. |       95   1996          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3851. |       96   1985       1994       1994       1 |
3852. |       96   1986       1994       1994       1 |
3853. |       96   1987       1994       1994       1 |
3854. |       96   1988       1994       1994       1 |
3902. |       97   1985       2004       2004       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3903. |       97   1986       2004       2004       1 |
3904. |       97   1987       2004       2004       1 |
3905. |       97   1988       2004       2004       1 |
3906. |       97   1989       2004       2004       1 |
3907. |       97   1990       2004       2004       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3908. |       97   1991       2004       2004       1 |
3909. |       97   1992       2004       2004       1 |
3910. |       97   1993       2004       2004       1 |
3911. |       97   1994       2004       2004       1 |
3912. |       97   1995       2004       2004       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3913. |       97   1996       2004       2004       1 |
3959. |       99   1991          .          .       1 |
3983. |      100   1985          .          .       0 |
3984. |      100   1986          .          .       0 |
3985. |      100   1987          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
3986. |      100   1988          .          .       0 |
3987. |      100   1989          .          .       0 |
4129. |      103   1985       1986       1986       1 |
4130. |      103   1986       1986       1986       1 |
4131. |      103   1987       1986       1986       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
4132. |      103   1988       1986       1986       1 |
4133. |      103   1989       1986       1986       1 |
4180. |      104   1985          .          .       1 |
4181. |      104   1986          .          .       1 |
4182. |      104   1987          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
4183. |      104   1988          .          .       1 |
4184. |      104   1989          .          .       1 |
4418. |      109   1985       1986       1987       1 |
4419. |      109   1986       1986       1987       1 |
4420. |      109   1987       1986       1987       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
4421. |      109   1988       1986       1987       1 |
4422. |      109   1989       1986       1987       1 |
4513. |      111   1985       1986       1987       0 |
4514. |      111   1986       1986       1987       0 |
4515. |      111   1987       1986       1987       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
4516. |      111   1988       1986       1987       0 |
4517. |      111   1989       1986       1987       0 |
4903. |      119   1985       1986       1989       1 |
4904. |      119   1986       1986       1989       1 |
4905. |      119   1987       1986       1989       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
4906. |      119   1988       1986       1989       1 |
5005. |      121   1985       1990       1990       0 |
5006. |      121   1986       1990       1990       0 |
5007. |      121   1987       1990       1990       0 |
5008. |      121   1988       1990       1990       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5009. |      121   1989       1990       1990       0 |
5311. |      127   1985       1985       1987       0 |
5312. |      127   1986       1985       1987       0 |
5313. |      127   1987       1985       1987       0 |
5314. |      127   1988       1985       1987       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5315. |      127   1989       1985       1987       0 |
5316. |      127   1990       1985       1987       0 |
5356. |      128   1985       1989       1991       0 |
5357. |      128   1986       1989       1991       0 |
5358. |      128   1987       1989       1991       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5359. |      128   1988       1989       1991       0 |
5360. |      128   1989       1989       1991       0 |
5361. |      128   1990       1989       1991       0 |
5428. |      130   1985          .          .       1 |
5429. |      130   1986          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5430. |      130   1987          .          .       0 |
5431. |      130   1988          .          .       0 |
5432. |      130   1989          .          .       0 |
5433. |      130   1990          .          .       1 |
5434. |      130   1991          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5435. |      130   1992          .          .       1 |
5436. |      130   1993          .          .       1 |
5437. |      130   1994          .          .       1 |
5438. |      130   1995          .          .       1 |
5439. |      130   1996          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5572. |      135   1985          .          .       1 |
5573. |      135   1986          .          .       1 |
5574. |      135   1987          .          .       1 |
5575. |      135   1988          .          .       1 |
5576. |      135   1989          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5577. |      135   1990          .          .       1 |
5578. |      135   1991          .          .       1 |
5579. |      135   1992          .          .       1 |
5580. |      135   1993          .          .       1 |
5581. |      135   1994          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5582. |      135   1995          .          .       1 |
5583. |      135   1996          .          .       1 |
5598. |      136   1985       1998       1998       0 |
5599. |      136   1986       1998       1998       0 |
5600. |      136   1987       1998       1998       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5601. |      136   1988       1998       1998       0 |
5602. |      136   1989       1998       1998       0 |
5603. |      136   1990       1998       1998       0 |
5604. |      136   1991       1998       1998       0 |
5605. |      136   1992       1998       1998       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5606. |      136   1993       1998       1998       0 |
5607. |      136   1994       1998       1998       0 |
5608. |      136   1995       1998       1998       0 |
5609. |      136   1996       1998       1998       0 |
5634. |      137   1985       1996       1996       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5635. |      137   1986       1996       1996       0 |
5636. |      137   1987       1996       1996       0 |
5637. |      137   1988       1996       1996       0 |
5638. |      137   1989       1996       1996       0 |
5639. |      137   1990       1996       1996       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5640. |      137   1991       1996       1996       0 |
5641. |      137   1992       1996       1996       0 |
5642. |      137   1993       1996       1996       0 |
5643. |      137   1994       1996       1996       0 |
5644. |      137   1995       1996       1996       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5645. |      137   1996       1996       1996       0 |
5680. |      138   1985          .          .       0 |
5681. |      138   1986          .          .       0 |
5682. |      138   1987          .          .       0 |
5683. |      138   1988          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5684. |      138   1989          .          .       0 |
5685. |      138   1990          .          .       0 |
5686. |      138   1991          .          .       0 |
5687. |      138   1992          .          .       0 |
5688. |      138   1993          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5689. |      138   1994          .          .       0 |
5690. |      138   1995          .          .       0 |
5691. |      138   1996          .          .       0 |
5706. |      139   1985       2000       2000       0 |
5707. |      139   1986       2000       2000       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5708. |      139   1987       2000       2000       0 |
5709. |      139   1988       2000       2000       0 |
5710. |      139   1989       2000       2000       0 |
5711. |      139   1990       2000       2000       0 |
5712. |      139   1991       2000       2000       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5713. |      139   1992       2000       2000       0 |
5714. |      139   1993       2000       2000       0 |
5715. |      139   1994       2000       2000       0 |
5716. |      139   1995       2000       2000       0 |
5717. |      139   1996       2000       2000       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5757. |      140   1985       1997       1997       0 |
5758. |      140   1986       1997       1997       0 |
5759. |      140   1987       1997       1997       0 |
5760. |      140   1988       1997       1997       0 |
5761. |      140   1989       1997       1997       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5762. |      140   1990       1997       1997       0 |
5763. |      140   1991       1997       1997       0 |
5764. |      140   1992       1997       1997       0 |
5765. |      140   1993       1997       1997       0 |
5766. |      140   1994       1997       1997       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5767. |      140   1995       1997       1997       0 |
5768. |      140   1996       1997       1997       0 |
5783. |      141   1985          .          .       0 |
5784. |      141   1986          .          .       0 |
5785. |      141   1987          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5786. |      141   1988          .          .       0 |
5787. |      141   1989          .          .       0 |
5788. |      141   1990          .          .       0 |
5789. |      141   1991          .          .       0 |
5790. |      141   1992          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5791. |      141   1993          .          .       0 |
5792. |      141   1994          .          .       0 |
5793. |      141   1995          .          .       0 |
5794. |      141   1996          .          .       0 |
5834. |      142   1985       1985       1987       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5835. |      142   1986       1985       1987       0 |
5836. |      142   1987       1985       1987       1 |
5837. |      142   1988       1985       1987       1 |
5838. |      142   1989       1985       1987       1 |
5839. |      142   1990       1985       1987       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5840. |      142   1991       1985       1987       1 |
5841. |      142   1992       1985       1987       1 |
5842. |      142   1993       1985       1987       1 |
5843. |      142   1994       1985       1987       1 |
5844. |      142   1995       1985       1987       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5845. |      142   1996       1985       1987       1 |
5885. |      143   1985       1994       1994       0 |
5886. |      143   1986       1994       1994       0 |
5887. |      143   1987       1994       1994       0 |
5888. |      143   1988       1994       1994       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5889. |      143   1989       1994       1994       0 |
5890. |      143   1990       1994       1994       0 |
5891. |      143   1991       1994       1994       0 |
5948. |      147   1991       1996       1996       1 |
5949. |      147   1992       1996       1996       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5950. |      147   1993       1996       1996       1 |
5951. |      147   1994       1996       1996       1 |
5952. |      147   1995       1996       1996       1 |
5953. |      147   1996       1996       1996       1 |
5968. |      148   1985          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5969. |      148   1986          .          .       0 |
5970. |      148   1987          .          .       0 |
5971. |      148   1988          .          .       0 |
5972. |      148   1989          .          .       0 |
5973. |      148   1990          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5974. |      148   1991          .          .       0 |
5975. |      148   1992          .          .       0 |
5976. |      148   1993          .          .       0 |
5977. |      148   1994          .          .       0 |
5978. |      148   1995          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5979. |      148   1996          .          .       0 |
5980. |      149   1991       1985       1987       1 |
5981. |      149   1992       1985       1987       1 |
5982. |      149   1993       1985       1987       1 |
5983. |      149   1994       1985       1987       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5984. |      149   1995       1985       1987       1 |
5985. |      149   1996       1985       1987       1 |
5986. |      150   1991       1993       1993       1 |
5987. |      150   1992       1993       1993       1 |
5988. |      150   1993       1993       1993       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5989. |      150   1994       1993       1993       1 |
5990. |      150   1995       1993       1993       1 |
5991. |      150   1996       1993       1993       1 |
5993. |      151   1985          .          .       1 |
5994. |      151   1986          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
5995. |      151   1987          .          .       1 |
5996. |      151   1988          .          .       0 |
5997. |      151   1989          .          .       0 |
5998. |      151   1990          .          .       0 |
5999. |      151   1991          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6000. |      151   1992          .          .       0 |
6001. |      151   1993          .          .       0 |
6002. |      151   1994          .          .       0 |
6003. |      151   1995          .          .       0 |
6004. |      151   1996          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6037. |      152   1985       1992       1992       1 |
6038. |      152   1986       1992       1992       1 |
6039. |      152   1987       1992       1992       1 |
6040. |      152   1988       1992       1992       1 |
6041. |      152   1989       1992       1992       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6042. |      152   1990       1992       1992       1 |
6043. |      152   1991       1992       1992       1 |
6044. |      152   1992       1992       1992       1 |
6045. |      152   1993       1992       1992       1 |
6046. |      152   1994       1992       1992       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6047. |      152   1995       1992       1992       1 |
6048. |      152   1996       1992       1992       1 |
6094. |      154   1985       1986       1995       0 |
6095. |      154   1986       1986       1995       0 |
6096. |      154   1987       1986       1995       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6097. |      154   1988       1986       1995       0 |
6098. |      154   1989       1986       1995       0 |
6099. |      154   1990       1986       1995       0 |
6100. |      154   1991       1986       1995       0 |
6101. |      154   1992       1986       1995       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6102. |      154   1993       1986       1995       0 |
6103. |      154   1994       1986       1995       0 |
6104. |      154   1995       1986       1995       0 |
6105. |      154   1996       1986       1995       0 |
6150. |      158   1985       2002       2002       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6151. |      158   1986       2002       2002       0 |
6152. |      158   1987       2002       2002       0 |
6153. |      158   1988       2002       2002       0 |
6154. |      158   1989       2002       2002       0 |
6155. |      158   1990       2002       2002       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6156. |      158   1991       2002       2002       0 |
6157. |      158   1992       2002       2002       1 |
6158. |      158   1993       2002       2002       1 |
6159. |      158   1994       2002       2002       1 |
6160. |      158   1995       2002       2002       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6161. |      158   1996       2002       2002       1 |
6168. |      160   1993          .          .       0 |
6169. |      160   1994          .          .       0 |
6170. |      160   1995          .          .       0 |
6171. |      160   1996          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6172. |      161   1991       1994       1994       1 |
6173. |      161   1992       1994       1994       1 |
6174. |      161   1993       1994       1994       1 |
6175. |      161   1994       1994       1994       1 |
6176. |      161   1995       1994       1994       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6177. |      161   1996       1994       1994       1 |
6178. |      162   1991       1998       1998       1 |
6179. |      162   1992       1998       1998       1 |
6180. |      162   1993       1998       1998       1 |
6181. |      162   1994       1998       1998       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6182. |      162   1995       1998       1998       1 |
6183. |      162   1996       1998       1998       1 |
6239. |      164   1985          .          .       0 |
6240. |      164   1986          .          .       0 |
6241. |      164   1987          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6242. |      164   1988          .          .       0 |
6243. |      164   1989          .          .       0 |
6244. |      164   1990          .          .       0 |
6245. |      164   1991          .          .       0 |
6246. |      164   1992          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6247. |      164   1993          .          .       0 |
6248. |      164   1994          .          .       0 |
6249. |      164   1995          .          .       0 |
6250. |      164   1996          .          .       0 |
6251. |      165   1991       1997       1997       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6252. |      165   1992       1997       1997       1 |
6253. |      165   1993       1997       1997       1 |
6254. |      165   1994       1997       1997       1 |
6255. |      165   1995       1997       1997       1 |
6256. |      165   1996       1997       1997       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6324. |      170   1985       2004       2004       0 |
6325. |      170   1986       2004       2004       0 |
6326. |      170   1987       2004       2004       0 |
6327. |      170   1988       2004       2004       0 |
6328. |      170   1989       2004       2004       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6329. |      170   1990       2004       2004       0 |
6330. |      170   1991       2004       2004       0 |
6331. |      170   1992       2004       2004       0 |
6332. |      170   1993       2004       2004       0 |
6333. |      170   1994       2004       2004       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6334. |      170   1995       2004       2004       0 |
6335. |      170   1996       2004       2004       0 |
6336. |      171   1991       1995       1995       1 |
6337. |      171   1992       1995       1995       1 |
6338. |      171   1993       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6339. |      171   1994       1995       1995       1 |
6340. |      171   1995       1995       1995       1 |
6383. |      175   1985       2000          .       0 |
6384. |      175   1986       2000          .       0 |
6385. |      175   1987       2000          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6386. |      175   1988       2000          .       0 |
6387. |      175   1989       2000          .       0 |
6388. |      175   1990       2000          .       1 |
6401. |      177   1991          .          .       1 |
6402. |      177   1992          .          .       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6403. |      177   1993          .          .       1 |
6404. |      177   1994          .          .       1 |
6405. |      177   1995          .          .       1 |
6406. |      177   1996          .          .       1 |
6425. |      178   1985          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6426. |      178   1986          .          .       0 |
6427. |      178   1987          .          .       0 |
6428. |      178   1988          .          .       0 |
6429. |      178   1989          .          .       0 |
6462. |      181   1991       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6463. |      181   1992       1995       1995       1 |
6464. |      181   1993       1995       1995       1 |
6465. |      181   1994       1995       1995       1 |
6466. |      181   1995       1995       1995       1 |
6467. |      181   1996       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6468. |      182   1991       1999       1999       1 |
6469. |      182   1992       1999       1999       1 |
6470. |      182   1993       1999       1999       1 |
6471. |      182   1994       1999       1999       1 |
6472. |      182   1995       1999       1999       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6473. |      182   1996       1999       1999       1 |
6495. |      184   1985          .          .       0 |
6496. |      184   1986          .          .       0 |
6497. |      184   1987          .          .       0 |
6498. |      184   1988          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6499. |      184   1989          .          .       0 |
6500. |      184   1990          .          .       0 |
6501. |      184   1991          .          .       0 |
6502. |      184   1992          .          .       0 |
6503. |      184   1993          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6504. |      184   1994          .          .       0 |
6505. |      184   1995          .          .       0 |
6506. |      184   1996          .          .       0 |
6507. |      185   1991       1995       1995       1 |
6508. |      185   1992       1995       1995       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6509. |      185   1993       1995       1995       1 |
6510. |      185   1994       1995       1995       1 |
6511. |      185   1995       1995       1995       1 |
6512. |      185   1996       1995       1995       1 |
6522. |      186   1985          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6523. |      186   1986          .          .       0 |
6524. |      186   1987          .          .       0 |
6525. |      186   1988          .          .       0 |
6526. |      186   1989          .          .       0 |
6527. |      186   1990          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6528. |      186   1991          .          .       0 |
6529. |      186   1992          .          .       0 |
6530. |      186   1993          .          .       0 |
6531. |      186   1994          .          .       0 |
6532. |      186   1995          .          .       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6533. |      186   1996          .          .       0 |
6554. |      190   1990       1991       1991       1 |
6555. |      190   1991       1991       1991       1 |
6556. |      190   1992       1991       1991       1 |
6557. |      190   1993       1991       1991       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6558. |      190   1994       1991       1991       1 |
6559. |      190   1995       1991       1991       1 |
6560. |      190   1996       1991       1991       1 |
6568. |      192   1991       2001       2001       1 |
6569. |      192   1992       2001       2001       1 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6570. |      192   1993       2001       2001       1 |
6571. |      192   1994       2001       2001       1 |
6572. |      192   1995       2001       2001       1 |
6573. |      192   1996       2001       2001       1 |
6607. |      193   1985       1989       1989       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6608. |      193   1986       1989       1989       0 |
6609. |      193   1987       1989       1989       0 |
6610. |      193   1988       1989       1989       0 |
6611. |      193   1989       1989       1989       0 |
6612. |      193   1990       1989       1989       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6613. |      193   1991       1989       1989       0 |
6614. |      193   1992       1989       1989       0 |
6615. |      193   1993       1989       1989       0 |
6616. |      193   1994       1989       1989       0 |
6617. |      193   1995       1989       1989       0 |
      |-----------------------------------------------|
6618. |      193   1996       1989       1989       0 |
6619. |      194   1993       1994       1994       1 |
6620. |      194   1994       1994       1994       1 |
6621. |      194   1995       1994       1994       1 |
6622. |      194   1996       1994       1994       1 |
      +-----------------------------------------------+

. 
. /* even though dictatorships with parties represented only 43 percent of the observat
> ions in this sample 
> (not including years after countries signed) */
. sum party if reg==1 & cats_year+1>year & year<1997 & year>1984

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       807    .4349442    .4960571          0          1

. 
. 
. /* even though dictatorships with parties represented only 45 percent of the sample 
> (not including years after countries ratified) */
. sum party if reg==1 & catr_year+1>year & year<1997 & year>1984

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       906    .4470199    .4974598          0          1

. 
. /* The following command tells stata that time is measured by "year" for each country
>  ("aclpcode").
> Time @ risk begins when the agreement was drafted ("1984") or data of independence (b
> ornyear) (whichever comes later), 
> and the event in question is *signing* the Covention Against Torture"cats==1" */
. 
. stset year, id(aclpcode) origin(time max(1984,bornyear)) failure(cats==1)

                id:  aclpcode
     failure event:  cats == 1
obs. time interval:  (year[_n-1], year]
 exit on or before:  failure
    t for analysis:  (time-origin)
            origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6647  total obs.
     4591  obs. end on or before enter()
      808  obs. begin on or after (first) failure
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1248  obs. remaining, representing
      188  subjects
      107  failures in single failure-per-subject data
     1248  total analysis time at risk, at risk from t =         0
                             earliest observed entry t =         0
                                  last observed exit t =        12

. 
. 
. *figure 2:
. sts graph if reg==1, by(party)

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

. 
. *Tests indicate that this difference is statistically significant for both signing an
> d ratifying.
. sts test party if reg==1

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode


Log-rank test for equality of survivor functions

      |   Events         Events
party |  observed       expected
------+-------------------------
0     |        17          27.43
1     |        29          18.57
------+-------------------------
Total |        46          46.00

            chi2(1) =      10.93
            Pr>chi2 =     0.0009

. 
. stset year, id(aclpcode) origin(time max(1984,bornyear)) failure(catr==1)

                id:  aclpcode
     failure event:  catr == 1
obs. time interval:  (year[_n-1], year]
 exit on or before:  failure
    t for analysis:  (time-origin)
            origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6647  total obs.
     4591  obs. end on or before enter()
      553  obs. begin on or after (first) failure
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1503  obs. remaining, representing
      188  subjects
       93  failures in single failure-per-subject data
     1503  total analysis time at risk, at risk from t =         0
                             earliest observed entry t =         0
                                  last observed exit t =        12

. 
. *figure 3:
. sts graph if reg==1, by(party)

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

. 
. *Tests indicate that this difference is statistically significant for both signing an
> d ratifying.
. sts test party if reg==1

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode


Log-rank test for equality of survivor functions

      |   Events         Events
party |  observed       expected
------+-------------------------
0     |        12          22.16
1     |        26          15.84
------+-------------------------
Total |        38          38.00

            chi2(1) =      12.15
            Pr>chi2 =     0.0005

. 
. /* While I have tested the relationship using a battery of survival models (results a
> vailable upon request) - 
> including dynamic probit, Cox regression, and exponential hazard models */
. 
. stset year, id(aclpcode) origin(time max(1984,bornyear)) failure(cats==1)

                id:  aclpcode
     failure event:  cats == 1
obs. time interval:  (year[_n-1], year]
 exit on or before:  failure
    t for analysis:  (time-origin)
            origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6647  total obs.
     4591  obs. end on or before enter()
      808  obs. begin on or after (first) failure
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1248  obs. remaining, representing
      188  subjects
      107  failures in single failure-per-subject data
     1248  total analysis time at risk, at risk from t =         0
                             earliest observed entry t =         0
                                  last observed exit t =        12

. probit cats party_lag communist_lag log_tort_lag regscore_lag n_cats_lag muslim_lag l
> evel_lag population_lag tradegdp_lag  if cats_lag==0

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -157.53417
Iteration 1:   log likelihood =  -145.9872
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -145.68489
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -145.68426

Probit estimates                                  Number of obs   =        603
                                                  LR chi2(9)      =      23.70
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0048
Log likelihood = -145.68426                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0752

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        cats |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   party_lag |    .598851   .2065754     2.90   0.004     .1939706    1.003731
communist_~g |   .8822097   .3530973     2.50   0.012     .1901517    1.574268
log_tort_lag |  -.2902081   .1853011    -1.57   0.117    -.6533916    .0729754
regscore_lag |   .8001297   .3234265     2.47   0.013     .1662254    1.434034
  n_cats_lag |   -.013351   .0059018    -2.26   0.024    -.0249184   -.0017836
  muslim_lag |   .1561779   .2291512     0.68   0.496    -.2929502     .605306
   level_lag |  -.0080865   .0211006    -0.38   0.702    -.0494428    .0332699
population~g |  -.0001507   .0007068    -0.21   0.831    -.0015359    .0012346
tradegdp_lag |  -.0006978   .0018913    -0.37   0.712    -.0044046     .003009
       _cons |  -1.018963   .4178076    -2.44   0.015    -1.837851   -.2000752
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. stcox party communist log_tort regscore n_cats muslim level population tradegdp if re
> g==1, cluster(aclpcode)   

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -119.47512
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =   -117.074
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -111.91844
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -111.75509
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -111.75258
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -111.75258
Refining estimates:
Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -111.75258

Cox regression -- Breslow method for ties

No. of subjects      =           88                Number of obs   =       483
No. of failures      =           30
Time at risk         =          483
                                                   Wald chi2(9)    =     40.30
Log pseudolikelihood =   -111.75258                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.386629   .9681704     2.14   0.032     1.077662    5.285512
   communist |   1.349749   .7134451     0.57   0.570     .4789918    3.803451
    log_tort |   1.216098   .5013562     0.47   0.635     .5420593    2.728288
    regscore |   13.61022   10.81052     3.29   0.001     2.869197    64.56095
      n_cats |   .9898104   .0229625    -0.44   0.659     .9458125    1.035855
      muslim |   1.557733   .7568374     0.91   0.362     .6010766    4.036977
       level |   1.053414   .0418293     1.31   0.190     .9745389    1.138672
  population |   1.000912   .0005313     1.72   0.086     .9998714    1.001954
    tradegdp |   .9954384   .0043775    -1.04   0.298     .9868955    1.004055
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. streg party communist log_tort regscore n_cats muslim level population tradegdp if re
> g==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(exp)

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -85.945117  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -82.645513  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -78.410414  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -78.026003  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -78.021464  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -78.021458  

Exponential regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =           88                Number of obs   =       483
No. of failures      =           30
Time at risk         =          483
                                                   Wald chi2(9)    =     79.61
Log pseudolikelihood =   -78.021458                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.677111   1.121526     2.35   0.019     1.177799    6.085014
   communist |   2.428378   1.361286     1.58   0.113     .8093844    7.285808
    log_tort |   1.218993   .5069224     0.48   0.634     .5395433    2.754079
    regscore |   .9799188   1.232154    -0.02   0.987     .0833462    11.52111
      n_cats |    .984636   .0197031    -0.77   0.439     .9467662    1.024021
      muslim |   1.823448   .9739605     1.12   0.261     .6400885    5.194535
       level |   1.061683    .045773     1.39   0.165     .9756553    1.155296
  population |   1.000815   .0005559     1.47   0.143     .9997257    1.001905
    tradegdp |   .9942659   .0044104    -1.30   0.195     .9856592    1.002948
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. *Table 3: The effect of multiple political parties on CAT participation (Weibull haza
> rd model)
. stset year, id(aclpcode) origin(time max(1984,bornyear)) failure(cats==1)

                id:  aclpcode
     failure event:  cats == 1
obs. time interval:  (year[_n-1], year]
 exit on or before:  failure
    t for analysis:  (time-origin)
            origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6647  total obs.
     4591  obs. end on or before enter()
      808  obs. begin on or after (first) failure
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1248  obs. remaining, representing
      188  subjects
      107  failures in single failure-per-subject data
     1248  total analysis time at risk, at risk from t =         0
                             earliest observed entry t =         0
                                  last observed exit t =        12

. streg party log_tort if reg==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -120.52823
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -120.22727
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -120.22681
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -120.22681

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -120.22681  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -116.06776  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -115.83302  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -115.8322  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -115.8322  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =          107                Number of obs   =       697
No. of failures      =           43
Time at risk         =          697
                                                   Wald chi2(2)    =      8.96
Log pseudolikelihood =    -115.8322                Prob > chi2     =    0.0114

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.111372   .6535205     2.41   0.016     1.151059    3.872863
    log_tort |   1.788491   .6325899     1.64   0.100     .8941625    3.577314
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |  -.1338975   .0813506    -1.65   0.100    -.2933418    .0255467
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   .8746797   .0711557                      .7457672    1.025876
         1/p |   1.143276   .0930062                      .9747768    1.340901
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. streg party communist log_tort regscore n_cats muslim level population tradegdp if re
> g==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -85.945117
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -85.643436
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -85.642825
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -85.642825

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -85.642825  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -80.070889  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -77.038514  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -76.739471  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -76.738573  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -76.738573  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =           88                Number of obs   =       483
No. of failures      =           30
Time at risk         =          483
                                                   Wald chi2(9)    =     60.50
Log pseudolikelihood =   -76.738573                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.874574   1.220785     2.49   0.013     1.250495    6.607925
   communist |   2.652236   1.542344     1.68   0.093     .8484309    8.291017
    log_tort |   1.192019    .504162     0.42   0.678     .5203186    2.730845
    regscore |    .639382   .8720479    -0.33   0.743     .0441381    9.262052
      n_cats |   .9601397   .0401713    -0.97   0.331     .8845471    1.042192
      muslim |   1.898918   1.054448     1.15   0.248     .6395039    5.638571
       level |   1.062205   .0471767     1.36   0.174     .9736508    1.158813
  population |    1.00079    .000567     1.39   0.163     .9996796    1.001902
    tradegdp |   .9942994   .0043891    -1.30   0.195     .9857341    1.002939
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |   .4522448   .3938172     1.15   0.251    -.3196227    1.224112
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.571837   .6190163                      .7264231    3.401146
         1/p |   .6361984   .2505459                      .2940186    1.376608
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. stset year, id(aclpcode) origin(time max(1984,bornyear)) failure(catr==1)

                id:  aclpcode
     failure event:  catr == 1
obs. time interval:  (year[_n-1], year]
 exit on or before:  failure
    t for analysis:  (time-origin)
            origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6647  total obs.
     4591  obs. end on or before enter()
      553  obs. begin on or after (first) failure
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1503  obs. remaining, representing
      188  subjects
       93  failures in single failure-per-subject data
     1503  total analysis time at risk, at risk from t =         0
                             earliest observed entry t =         0
                                  last observed exit t =        12

. 
. streg party log_tort if reg==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -96.359119
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -95.792894
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -95.790573
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -95.790573

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -95.790573  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -91.842724  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -91.589728  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -91.588977  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -91.588977  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =          107                Number of obs   =       795
No. of failures      =           35
Time at risk         =          795
                                                   Wald chi2(2)    =      7.17
Log pseudolikelihood =   -91.588977                Prob > chi2     =    0.0278

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.452307   .8713626     2.52   0.012     1.222145    4.920699
    log_tort |   1.656112    .674969     1.24   0.216     .7450269    3.681353
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |   .1085335   .1026634     1.06   0.290    -.0926831      .30975
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.114642   .1144329                      .9114823    1.363084
         1/p |   .8971489   .0921043                      .7336303    1.097114
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. streg party log_tort communist regscore n_catr muslim level population tradegdp if re
> g==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -65.810912
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -65.492045
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -65.490995
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -65.490995

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -65.490995  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -60.513556  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -59.180922  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -59.14866  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -59.148564  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -59.148564  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =           88                Number of obs   =       558
No. of failures      =           23
Time at risk         =          558
                                                   Wald chi2(9)    =     42.36
Log pseudolikelihood =   -59.148564                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.179516   1.110319     1.53   0.126     .8030253    5.915491
    log_tort |   .8947867   .4575739    -0.22   0.828     .3284234    2.437839
   communist |   1.128103   1.249986     0.11   0.913     .1285821    9.897298
    regscore |   9.964388   11.10167     2.06   0.039     1.122271    88.47155
      n_catr |   .9696436   .0345697    -0.86   0.387     .9042013    1.039822
      muslim |   1.560588   .8678928     0.80   0.424     .5246964     4.64161
       level |   1.067409   .0539742     1.29   0.197     .9666943    1.178616
  population |   1.001582   .0012238     1.29   0.196     .9991858    1.003983
    tradegdp |   .9949905   .0050949    -0.98   0.327     .9850546    1.005027
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |   .4294568   .7327675     0.59   0.558    -1.006741    1.865655
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.536423   1.125841                      .3654079    6.460164
         1/p |   .6508625   .4769309                      .1547948    2.736668
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. streg party log_tort communist regscore n_catr muslim population if reg==1, cluster(a
> clpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -83.90751
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -83.516531
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -83.515183
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -83.515183

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -83.515183  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -77.119276  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -75.233377  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -75.182033  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -75.181807  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -75.181807  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =          102                Number of obs   =       757
No. of failures      =           29
Time at risk         =          757
                                                   Wald chi2(7)    =     54.82
Log pseudolikelihood =   -75.181807                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.872588     1.2456     2.43   0.015     1.227944    6.719979
    log_tort |   1.346681   .6125339     0.65   0.513     .5522021    3.284212
   communist |   1.499938   1.062251     0.57   0.567     .3743307    6.010232
    regscore |   9.163953   7.824283     2.59   0.009     1.719165    48.84814
      n_catr |   .9709915   .0182866    -1.56   0.118     .9358039    1.007502
      muslim |   1.437001   .7248371     0.72   0.472     .5346907    3.861992
  population |   1.001333   .0007118     1.87   0.061     .9999387    1.002729
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |     .38685   .3225496     1.20   0.230    -.2453357    1.019036
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.472336   .4749013                      .7824419    2.770522
         1/p |    .679193   .2190734                      .3609428     1.27805
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. *CIRI Appendix:
.  * "There are 1,002 observations of torture available for the CIRI torture scale, wit
> h a mean of 2.4 (standard deviation 0.7)."
. sum tort_ciri year if year>1983 & year<1997 & reg==1 & tort_ciri~=., detail

                          TORT_ciri
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%            1              1
 5%            1              1
10%            1              1       Obs                1002
25%            2              1       Sum of Wgt.        1002

50%            2                      Mean           2.374251
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      .6783771
75%            3              3
90%            3              3       Variance       .4601955
95%            3              3       Skewness       -.623442
99%            3              3       Kurtosis       2.293523

                            year
-------------------------------------------------------------
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%         1984           1984
 5%         1984           1984
10%         1985           1984       Obs                1002
25%         1986           1984       Sum of Wgt.        1002

50%         1989                      Mean            1989.62
                        Largest       Std. Dev.      3.723743
75%         1993           1996
90%         1995           1996       Variance       13.86626
95%         1996           1996       Skewness        .139322
99%         1996           1996       Kurtosis       1.822832

. 
. /* "Average rates of torture under dictatorships without political parties is 2.2 (st
> andard deviation 0.7), 
> but rates of torture under dictatorships with political parties is 2.4 (standard devi
> ation 0.7). 
> A simple t-test indicates that the difference in average rates of torture is statisti
> cally significant beyond the 0.01 level (t=-3.60). */
. sort party

. ttest tort_ciri if reg==1 , by(party)

Two-sample t test with equal variances

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Group |     Obs        Mean    Std. Err.   Std. Dev.   [95% Conf. Interval]
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
       0 |     687    2.247453    .0273269    .7162555    2.193798    2.301107
       1 |     584    2.388699    .0278862    .6739014    2.333929    2.443468
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
combined |    1271    2.312352    .0196457    .7003914    2.273811    2.350894
---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------
    diff |           -.1412459    .0392368               -.2182221   -.0642698
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Degrees of freedom: 1269

                      Ho: mean(0) - mean(1) = diff = 0

     Ha: diff < 0               Ha: diff != 0              Ha: diff > 0
       t =  -3.5998                t =  -3.5998              t =  -3.5998
   P < t =   0.0002          P > |t| =   0.0003          P > t =   0.9998

. 
. 
. * Table A1: Political parties under dictatorship and levels of torture -- using CIRI 
> torture measure
. *Ordinal logit
. ologit tort_ciri party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1, robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -972.47052
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -898.2607
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -896.9137
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -896.88867
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -896.88858

Ordered logit estimates                           Number of obs   =        976
                                                  Wald chi2(7)    =     143.00
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -896.88858                 Pseudo R2       =     0.0777

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
   tort_ciri |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .6533711   .1307647     5.00   0.000     .3970769    .9096652
       level |   .0132576   .0234903     0.56   0.572    -.0327824    .0592977
           g |   .0034504   .0028462     1.21   0.225     -.002128    .0090288
  population |   .0023017   .0008974     2.56   0.010     .0005427    .0040606
    tradegdp |  -.0081723   .0014513    -5.63   0.000    -.0110168   -.0053279
         war |   .9268057   .1678458     5.52   0.000      .597834    1.255777
   communist |  -.4700789   .2870457    -1.64   0.101    -1.032678    .0925203
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -2.000444   .1501541          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |   .4272917   .1304593 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. *Fixed effects logit
. clogit common_tort_ciri party level g population tradegdp war communist if reg==1 , g
> roup(aclpcode)
note: multiple positive outcomes within groups encountered.
note: 22 groups (120 obs) dropped due to all positive or
      all negative outcomes.
note: communist omitted due to no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log likelihood =  -360.1596  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -350.20859  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -347.67012  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -347.64173  
Iteration 4:   log likelihood = -347.64171  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression   Number of obs   =        856
                                                  LR chi2(6)      =      59.98
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log likelihood = -347.64171                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0794

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
common_tor~i |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   1.054836   .2580078     4.09   0.000     .5491504    1.560522
       level |   .0356378   .1021619     0.35   0.727    -.1645959    .2358715
           g |  -.0012804   .0087441    -0.15   0.884    -.0184184    .0158576
  population |   .1071562   .0285693     3.75   0.000     .0511614    .1631511
    tradegdp |   -.014817   .0065184    -2.27   0.023    -.0275927   -.0020412
         war |   .5830064   .3574197     1.63   0.103    -.1175232    1.283536
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. *Duration dependence logit
. btscs common_tort_ciri year aclpcode, generate (ciri_spline) nspline (3)

. logit common_tort_ciri party level g population tradegdp war communist ciri_spline _s
> pline1 _spline2 _spline3 if reg==1 & year>1983 , robust

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -523.62052
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -438.16106
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -435.07473
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -434.96985
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -434.96932
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -434.96932

Logit estimates                                   Number of obs   =        758
                                                  Wald chi2(11)   =     128.39
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -434.96932                 Pseudo R2       =     0.1693

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
common_tor~i |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   .3992637   .1723966     2.32   0.021     .0613725    .7371548
       level |   .0368513   .0243231     1.52   0.130    -.0108211    .0845237
           g |   .0035051   .0025283     1.39   0.166    -.0014502    .0084605
  population |   .0022045   .0011772     1.87   0.061    -.0001028    .0045117
    tradegdp |  -.0104603   .0027092    -3.86   0.000    -.0157703   -.0051504
         war |   .4238197    .223956     1.89   0.058     -.015126    .8627655
   communist |  -.6685255   .3726504    -1.79   0.073    -1.398907    .0618559
 ciri_spline |  -.6878297   .2109333    -3.26   0.001    -1.101251   -.2744081
    _spline1 |  -.0003461   .0022545    -0.15   0.878    -.0047648    .0040725
    _spline2 |  -.0581965   .0506121    -1.15   0.250    -.1573944    .0410015
    _spline3 |   .0138843   .0202905     0.68   0.494    -.0258843     .053653
       _cons |   .7609683   .2285332     3.33   0.001     .3130515    1.208885
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. drop  ciri_spline _spline1 _spline2 _spline3 

. 
. 
. /* Table A2: The effect of multiple political parties on CAT participation -- using C
> IRI torture measure
> (Weibull Hazard Model) -- using Ciri torture measure */
. 
. stset year, id(aclpcode) origin(time max(1984,bornyear)) failure(cats==1)

                id:  aclpcode
     failure event:  cats == 1
obs. time interval:  (year[_n-1], year]
 exit on or before:  failure
    t for analysis:  (time-origin)
            origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6647  total obs.
     4591  obs. end on or before enter()
      808  obs. begin on or after (first) failure
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1248  obs. remaining, representing
      188  subjects
      107  failures in single failure-per-subject data
     1248  total analysis time at risk, at risk from t =         0
                             earliest observed entry t =         0
                                  last observed exit t =        12

. streg party tort_ciri if reg==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -116.56079
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -116.28644
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -116.28605
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -116.28605

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -116.28605  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -113.40479  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -113.2917  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -113.29155  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -113.29155  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =          103                Number of obs   =       653
No. of failures      =           42
Time at risk         =          653
                                                   Wald chi2(2)    =      5.68
Log pseudolikelihood =   -113.29155                Prob > chi2     =    0.0583

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   1.982437   .6048855     2.24   0.025     1.090132    3.605121
   tort_ciri |   1.267325   .3163359     0.95   0.343     .7769989    2.067072
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |  -.1304264   .0821343    -1.59   0.112    -.2914066    .0305538
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   .8777211    .072091                      .7472118    1.031025
         1/p |   1.139314   .0935767                      .9699083    1.338309
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. streg party tort_ciri communist regscore n_cats muslim level population tradegdp if r
> eg==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  cats == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -83.966157
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -83.566244
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -83.56515
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -83.56515

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -83.56515  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -77.418935  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -74.468454  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -74.190417  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -74.188679  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -74.188679  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =           85                Number of obs   =       456
No. of failures      =           29
Time at risk         =          456
                                                   Wald chi2(9)    =     53.92
Log pseudolikelihood =   -74.188679                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.962134   1.289765     2.49   0.013     1.261759     6.95397
   tort_ciri |   .9305096   .2814283    -0.24   0.812     .5143739    1.683305
   communist |   2.748294   1.634219     1.70   0.089     .8568656    8.814822
    regscore |   .7069763   .9701765    -0.25   0.801     .0480075    10.41119
      n_cats |   .9478909   .0477073    -1.06   0.288     .8588502    1.046163
      muslim |   2.184199   1.256438     1.36   0.174      .707371    6.744303
       level |   1.053786    .047903     1.15   0.249     .9639593    1.151984
  population |   1.000651   .0005477     1.19   0.235      .999578    1.001725
    tradegdp |   .9945364   .0042379    -1.29   0.199     .9862649    1.002877
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |   .5370704   .4381067     1.23   0.220    -.3216029    1.395744
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.710987   .7495948                       .724986    4.037976
         1/p |    .584458   .2560549                      .2476488    1.379337
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. stset year, id(aclpcode) origin(time max(1984,bornyear)) failure(catr==1)

                id:  aclpcode
     failure event:  catr == 1
obs. time interval:  (year[_n-1], year]
 exit on or before:  failure
    t for analysis:  (time-origin)
            origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     6647  total obs.
     4591  obs. end on or before enter()
      553  obs. begin on or after (first) failure
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1503  obs. remaining, representing
      188  subjects
       93  failures in single failure-per-subject data
     1503  total analysis time at risk, at risk from t =         0
                             earliest observed entry t =         0
                                  last observed exit t =        12

. 
. streg party tort_ciri if reg==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -92.854478
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -92.256193
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -92.253545
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -92.253545

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -92.253545  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -86.41513  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -85.810907  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -85.80991  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -85.80991  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =          103                Number of obs   =       751
No. of failures      =           34
Time at risk         =          751
                                                   Wald chi2(2)    =     12.52
Log pseudolikelihood =    -85.80991                Prob > chi2     =    0.0019

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.221617   .7791561     2.28   0.023     1.117222    4.417728
   tort_ciri |   2.211645   .6124286     2.87   0.004     1.285312    3.805593
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |   .1032809   .1036449     1.00   0.319    -.0998593    .3064211
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.108803   .1149217                      .9049648    1.358554
         1/p |   .9018736   .0934746                      .7360766    1.105015
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. streg party tort_ciri communist regscore n_catr muslim level population tradegdp if r
> eg==1, cluster(aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -63.99376
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -63.799809
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -63.799409
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -63.799409

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -63.799409  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -56.910317  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -54.727246  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -54.65104  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -54.650796  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -54.650796  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =           85                Number of obs   =       531
No. of failures      =           22
Time at risk         =          531
                                                   Wald chi2(9)    =     36.88
Log pseudolikelihood =   -54.650796                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   1.853935   .8909897     1.28   0.199     .7227905    4.755287
   tort_ciri |   2.621175   .9436613     2.68   0.007     1.294348    5.308123
   communist |   1.628076   1.552516     0.51   0.609     .2511756    10.55289
    regscore |   9.863657   10.97984     2.06   0.040     1.113048    87.41018
      n_catr |    .965145   .0382981    -0.89   0.371     .8929267    1.043204
      muslim |   1.821999   1.039969     1.05   0.293     .5952445    5.577004
       level |   1.049926   .0537846     0.95   0.342     .9496291    1.160815
  population |   1.001058   .0010277     1.03   0.303     .9990461    1.003075
    tradegdp |   1.000074   .0047937     0.02   0.988     .9907225    1.009514
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |   .4221066   .8175419     0.52   0.606    -1.180246    2.024459
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.525171   1.246891                      .3072031    7.572016
         1/p |   .6556641   .5360329                      .1320652    3.255175
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. streg party tort_ciri communist regscore n_catr muslim population if reg==1, cluster(
> aclpcode)   dist(weibull)

         failure _d:  catr == 1
   analysis time _t:  (year-origin)
             origin:  time max(1984,bornyear)
                 id:  aclpcode

Fitting constant-only model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -80.322879
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -79.939481
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -79.938135
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -79.938135

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -79.938135  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -72.196625  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -69.653905  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -69.560797  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =  -69.56049  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood =  -69.56049  

Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form 

No. of subjects      =           97                Number of obs   =       708
No. of failures      =           28
Time at risk         =          708
                                                   Wald chi2(7)    =     35.48
Log pseudolikelihood =    -69.56049                Prob > chi2     =    0.0000

                         (standard errors adjusted for clustering on aclpcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
          _t | Haz. Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       party |   2.509896   1.065484     2.17   0.030     1.092218    5.767693
   tort_ciri |   2.132983   .6722989     2.40   0.016     1.149994    3.956209
   communist |   1.492118   1.033916     0.58   0.564      .383698    5.802519
    regscore |    5.62631   4.963933     1.96   0.050     .9982349    31.71133
      n_catr |   .9650215   .0261107    -1.32   0.188     .9151788    1.017579
      muslim |   1.834332   .9366967     1.19   0.235     .6742398    4.990473
  population |   1.000896   .0007296     1.23   0.219     .9994672    1.002327
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       /ln_p |    .534241   .4801784     1.11   0.266    -.4068913    1.475373
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           p |   1.706153   .8192577                      .6657165    4.372668
         1/p |    .586114   .2814393                      .2286933    1.502141
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. *Table A3: Descriptive data
. sum level g war communist population regscore n_catr n_cats muslim tradegdp if year>1
> 983 & year<1997 & reg==1

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       level |       917    3.844718    4.485746     .30981   31.72357
           g |       917    .7055507    24.49258     -97.79     478.06
         war |      1063    .2314205     .421939          0          1
   communist |      1181    .1083827    .3109949          0          1
  population |      1135    28.40858    121.7914       .067    1217.55
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
    regscore |      1062    .4897005    .3206055          0        1.5
      n_catr |      1188    47.14815    32.09382          0         99
      n_cats |      1188    68.30556    28.63358          0        111
      muslim |      1163     .387172    .4075377          0          1
    tradegdp |       914    71.95639    51.57068    2.57557     406.75

. 
. sum party torture tort_ciri if reg==1 & cats_year>year & year>1983 & year<1997

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       864    .4108796    .4922784          0          1
     torture |       658    2.835866    1.089785          1          5
   tort_ciri |       703     2.28165    .6920728          1          3

. sum party torture tort_ciri if reg==1 & cats_year==year

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |        46    .6304348    .4880207          0          1
     torture |        43    3.069767    .8835898          1          5
   tort_ciri |        42    2.404762    .6647766          1          3

. sum party torture tort_ciri if reg==1 & catr_year>year & year>1983 & year<1997

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |       971    .4243048    .4944917          0          1
     torture |       764    2.899215    1.090432          1          5
   tort_ciri |       809    2.305315    .6943791          1          3

. sum party torture tort_ciri if reg==1 & catr_year==year

    Variable |       Obs        Mean    Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------
       party |        38    .6842105    .4710691          0          1
     torture |        35    3.114286    .9321521          1          5
   tort_ciri |        34    2.647059    .4850713          2          3

. 
. log close 
       log:  C:\PATH\Vreeland_2008_IO.log
  log type:  text
 closed on:  18 Apr 2008, 23:05:41
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
